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Background and Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the common infectious and pathogenic agents, and some of its genotypes have the ability to cause malignant changes in the surface of mucous cells. By examining the prevalence of HPV in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) Pap smear according to the risk factors, we can make a more correct decision in choosing the evaluation method and directing the patient to report the ASCUS lesion. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the types of human papillomavirus (HPV) in patients with ASCUS Pap smear. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients with ASCUS pap smear results and HPV test referred to the colposcopy clinic of Babol Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital during the last two years. Demographic information, history of obstetrics, history of OCP use, history of STD disease and high-risk behaviors, cervical treatments, HPV typing, Pap smear, colposcopy and cervical biopsy results were recorded and analyzed. Findings: The mean age of the patients was 33.83±8.09 years, and ASCUS pap smear showed 129 cases (64.5%) of high-risk papillomavirus, 16 cases (0.8%) of low-risk papillomavirus and 55 cases (27.5%) of both types. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 was in 18 cases (0.9%), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 in 10 cases (0.5%) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 in 2 cases (0.1%). 17.1% of high-risk viruses caused cervical neoplasm. None of the low-risk viruses led to neoplasms and all of them were inflammatory. In both high-risk and low-risk cases, 14.5% neoplasm was seen. However, the relationship between the type of papillomavirus and the incidence of neoplasm was significant (p=0.058). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the ASCUS pap smear needs more detailed investigation such as colposcopy and cervical biopsy under the supervision of experts because it is associated with the high-risk HPV virus in many cases.

Background and Objective: Supplying vitamin D during pregnancy is necessary for fetal calcium homeostasis and bone growth and its mineralization, and its deficiency can lead to pregnancy complications. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of vitamin D level on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 pregnant women referring to Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital in Babol. Mothers' information was collected using a questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from people to measure the serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 level by ELISA method using the EUROIMMUN kit. Patients were divided into two groups (vitamin D level< 25 and vitamin D level> 25) and were compared. Findings: 247 people (54.8%) had vitamin D level< 25 and 203 people (44.8%) had vitamin D level> 25. People with lower vitamin D levels had significantly more gestational hypertension (p=0.03) and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (p=0.04) compared to people with higher vitamin D levels. The variables of labor pain, diabetes, fetal growth restriction and prolonged pregnancy did not show significant differences in people with high and low levels of vitamin D. Pregnancy complications including pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, placental abruption and fetal growth restriction did not show any significant difference in people with high and low levels of vitamin D. In the evaluation of neonatal outcomes, infant weight, infant gender, fifth minute Apgar, head circumference and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, no significant differences were found. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that some pregnancy complications such as gestational hypertension and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) in pregnant women are related to vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to design plans to check the vitamin D level of mothers before pregnancy and correct it during pregnancy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Ovarian cancer is the sixth common cancer among women in the world. Preoperative blood cell count can be a biomarker that predicts the severity of different types of cancer and determine the type of surgery. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the predictive role of the three blood markers of anemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytosis in the stage and grade of epithelial ovarian cancer before the operation. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the data of 60 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer were evaluated. Demographic data, hemoglobin, white blood cell count and platelets were statistically compared based on the stage of disease and the grade of mass differentiation as good, moderate and undifferentiated. FINDINGS: 61.1% of patients with thrombocytosis were in stage 3 and 33.3% of patients with leukocytosis were in stage 2 (p≤0.05), while 20.5% of the patients with anemia were in stage 3 (p>0.05). Moreover, 52.4% of patients with leukocytosis and 61.1% of patients with thrombocytosis had grade 3 tumor (p≤0.05), but only 34.1% of patients with anemia were in this group (p>0.05). Based on the evaluation of the ROC curve, cut-off point of the white blood cell was calculated to be 9050/ml with a sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 65% and platelet count was calculated to be 266000/ml with a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 53%. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, preoperative leukocytosis and thrombocytosis were correlated with stage and grade of epithelial ovarian cancer and had a predictive role.