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This essay centers around a comparative reading of William Dean Howells's A Hazard of New Fortunes and Frank Norris's McTeague. Its main goal is to contextualize Norris's attempts to promote what he understood to be literary naturalism—positioned against the "well-behaved ordinary bourgeois" realism of Howells—and to show how he connected the idea of 'the literary' to the postbellum world of professional labor. In as much as other established professions already regulated the practice of work according to internally ratified standards of quality postbellum writers too sought to render the practice of writing objectifiable by appeal to standards of evaluation that were approved by experts within their own community a "brotherhood of novelists" in the words of James. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay argues that Ben Lerner's novel 10:04 (2014) employs "implicated realism" to represent the environmentalism of the rich. Implicated realism is a self-reflexive aesthetic that reveals how the foundations of literary realism—narrative description, bourgeois settings, an emphasis on daily life—rely upon the forms of exploitation that have also produced the climate crisis. I demonstrate that implicated realism in 10:04 , paradoxically, consists of both hyperrealism and realist failure. Lerner's novel applies hyperrealist description to seemingly innocuous scenes, uncovering their implication in the uneven distribution of environmental harm. Such hyperrealism exists alongside realist failure, which 10:04 both thematizes and performs. Through realist failure, then, implicated realism confronts the compromised history of realism and its association with possessive individualism and extractive capitalism. Consequently, although many ecocritics discount realism's ability to represent climate change, this essay identifies implicated realism as a self-reflexive and adaptive mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kyoko Takanashi's book, "Limited Access: Transport Metaphors and Realism in the British Novel, 1740-1860," explores the role of transportation and communication in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century novels. Takanashi challenges the assumption that novels about travel always promote connectivity, highlighting the gaps and exclusions that can occur within transportation networks. The book examines various modes of transportation, such as stagecoaches and railways, and their metaphorical significance in works by authors like Fielding, Sterne, Dickens, and Thackeray. Takanashi also explores the role of memory and mediation in literary realism. Overall, "Limited Access" offers a nuanced analysis of the relationship between transportation, reading, and meaning-making in British novels of the time period. [Extracted from the article]

A literary criticism of the book "Dombey and Son" by Charles Dickens is presented which focuses on significance of hat wearing, hat etiquette, and its role in gender performance and social differentiation. It explores how hats symbolize identity, class, and gender, examining their implications in Victorian society through detailed analysis of various characters' headgear.

Critics agree that Don Quixote helped originate realism, but its influence on nineteenth-century novels has been widely misunderstood. Realist Quixotism, usually assumed to oppose book and world, in fact models a dynamic imbrication of fictionality and reality. Thus, it helps bridge the normative and utopian functions of literary realism. This concept of realism is both exemplified and theorized by Anthony Trollope's novels, which insist on the mutual construction of literary and social convention. Their metaleptic narration, Victorian marriage plots, and use of the everyday illustrate how metafictionality, counterintuitively, can help construct a sense of the realistic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By concluding her study with Kafka's anti-realist novel, Weitzman emphasizes the broader aesthetic claims that exceed the confines of realism. Reading Holz's I Papa Hamlet i (1889) and his little known I Die Blechschmiede i (1902) together, Weitzman shows how the previously hidden leitmotif of obscenity in realism becomes crystal clear in naturalism. Even though Benn's writing comes closest to what we today commonly understand as obscenity, Weitzman reads his poetry as "fake" naturalism (136), simply evoking truth rather than the plain objectivity that naturalism purports to proffer. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the realism within the book "Blood on the Forge," by William Attaway and how it relates to Black Chicago Renaissance aesthetics. The author discusses the Black cultural movement in Chicago in comparison to the Harlem Renaissance and examines the Black Arts Movement that followed.

The most advanced forms of modernist and poststructuralist critique have been highly skeptical of the realist claims made by many 17th and 18th century novels as well as the more programmatic realism of 19th century. Yet from painting and novels to photography and virtual reality, countless techniques and technologies of representation have been developed to give readers or spectators an experience that is realistic. Indeed, "realistic" is almost always a positive epithet. This article seeks to explain the continued allure of realist fictional narratives by analyzing the four cardinal modes that compose them: mimesis, form, fictionality, and the reader. Each of these modes is necessary, and in their balanced cooperation are sufficient, to account for the analytical scope and affective engagement achieved by realist fictional narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that the field of comparative literature stands to be reinvigorated by attention to two pressing questions. The first: what would a genuinely literary comparison of texts look like? And second: what would such a literary reading of diverse texts tell us about the grounds on which one undertakes a genuinely world-scale comparison, rather than one divided into "Europe and its others," or into the supposedly unrelated colonized regions of Africa and Asia? I answer these questions through the literary topography of the historical novel, which opens up a scope for world-scale comparison because of how multiple novels capture the moment of a region's entry into the modern world system. Together these novels provide a literary account of the entry of multiple colonized regions into capitalist time-space. I argue that the form of the historical novel, in particular its allegorical analytical realism, is central rather than incidental to this representation of capitalist expansion through two very different historical novels: C. S. Nyembezi's The Rich Man of Pietermaritzburg (1961), set in rural Zululand, South Africa, and Amitav Ghosh's The Sea of Poppies (2008), set in the region of the Indian Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near the turn of the twentieth century, William Dean Howells, the most fervent promoter of literary realism in America, serialized a romance trilogy, the Altrurian romances. Since they so conspicuously conflict with Howells's other novels and his many programmatic statements about the value of literary realism, these anomalous tales have continued to pose a problem for critics. In contrast to past interpretations of the romances—which either try to explain away their differences or argue that Howells lost faith in realism—this essay contends that the romances constitute a strategic move on Howells's part to support the cause of realism in the midst of "the romance revival" afoot in both the U.S. and England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current literary criticism claims that there was a shift at the beginning of the nineteenth century toward intellectual, rational reading and away from the emotional, affective reading encouraged by popular eighteenth-century genres such as gothic fiction and novels of sensibility. Frances Burney and Maria Edgeworth are often identified as vanguards of this change, paving the way for nineteenth-century realism. By examining Camilla (1796) and Belinda (1801), I will challenge this genre-based chronology of the novel's development by arguing that Burney and Edgeworth valued reading with feeling and that their positive representations of affective reading have shaped the rise of the novel and the reader-text relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"My books care to offer a space in which children can experience moments of safety within a world that is just coming into being, a world that invites them to think for themselves and to change it—if they wish to do so." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on Joseph Conrad's writings about eroticism with reference to his novel, "The Rescue." The author says that Conrad presents a combination of romance and realism in this book. Katherine Isob Baxter says that the book traps one man in a conflict of loyalties between West and East.

A reprint of the article which appeared in the Summer 1988 issue is presented in which the author offers a criticism of the work of the African American author Henry Dumas including "Ark of Bones," "Jonah and the Green Stone," and "Rope of Wind.". He discusses Dumas' use of style, the appropriateness of his settings, and the realism that he achieved in his works.

The author presents a criticism of African American literature from a Marxist perspective. She discusses what constitutes Marxist criticism, the African American authors she views as Marxist, and the realism in African American writing that appeals to Marxist theory.

A literary criticism of the 1750 English novel "The Life and Adventures of Peter Wilkins" by Robert Paltock is presented. It analyzes the novel's representation of life and the author's practice of realism in writing the novel. The symbolic significance of Peter Wilkins who saves a woman named Youwarkee is explored. Also discussed is the influence of the genre of early modern utopian literature on the novel.

The article discusses the 1864 novella "Cousin Phillis" by Elizabeth Gaskell that talks about literary realism as an effect of feeling and an imitation of real life. Topics discussed include the novella reading as a first person narrator, nineteenth-century European realism, and the book "The Antinomies of Realism" by Fredric Jameson.

A literary criticism of the short story "Wireless," by Rudyard Kipling is presented. It outlines the characters and explores the symbolic significance of these characters. It examines the story's reliance on values associated with realism including social legibility, sympathetic community and authoritative knowledge. It explores the narrator's impressionist style of narration.

The article critiques the book "The Lost World" by Arthur Conan Doyle. It highlights the importance of journalism to the telling of the story and Doyle's aspirations for journalism. It focuses on the opposition between romance and realism in literature and argues that romance in literature provides relief from the dull scientism of realism and naturalism. It also outline the story, plot and characters of the book.

The article discusses essay "The Short Story" by Ambrose Bierce. Topics discussed include author William Dean Howells, literary realism and book "The Red Badge of Courage" by Stephen Crane. Other topics such as books "Bits of Autobiography" and "Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant" and civil war are also discussed.

The article presents literary criticism of the books "Douglas" and "Modern Literature" by Robert Bissett and "Vaurien" by Isaac D'Israeli. Particular focus is given to the books' depictions of the novel as a genre and to the literary-critical elements of British anti-Jacobin fiction, or fiction opposing the ideals of the French revolution. According to the author, Bissett and D'Israeli invoked a canon of novels in their books which emphasized realism and empiricism. Topics discussed include romance and communalism.

Recent work in trauma studies has begun to differentiate collective trauma from its individual counterpart: while the latter is a psychosomatic phenomenon, the former is a secondary product, mediated materially, temporally, socially, and linguistically. The collective trauma that emerged from the Greco-Turkish War and Population Exchange of 1919-1924 serves as an exemplary case in point. Looking in particular to literary production, I assess how the trauma narrative of 1919-1924 was " remediated" in two Greek novels. For much of the twentieth century, the field of Greek prose fiction was dominated by the formal regime of realism, which masked the mediations of textual production and promulgated instead a rhetorical logic of authentic and immediate historicity. Using Elias Venezis's To νούμερο 31328 (The number 31328) and Kosmas Politis's Στου Xατζηφράγκον (In the Hadjifrangou neighborhood), I trace the formal strategies by which two particular trauma narratives reacted to this realist regime, developing a theory of the self-reflexive medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented on various young adult novels written by American author Robert Cormier and the representation of realism and naturalism in these young adult novels. It examines various novels written by Cormier for young adults such as "The Chocolate War," "I Am the Cheese," and "After the First Death."

A literary criticism is presented of several works written by Irish women authors during the Fin-de-Siècle, including the play "Cathleen ni Houlihan," by Augusta Gregory and the books "The Real Charlotte," by Edith CEnone Somerville and "Hurrish," by Emily Lawless. Particular focus is given to the literary aestheticism of the aforementioned works, including in regard to elements of realism and its depiction of art and Irish nationalism.

In Malín Alegría's Border Town, the first young adult fiction series set on the Mexico-United States border, magical realist moments subvert power relations and reveal that popular beliefs are legitimate forms of knowledge. Magical realist occurrences demonstrate the importance of knowing about Mexican American folklore and folk saints such as bailando con el diablo [dancing with the devil], las lechuzas [bewitched owls], La Llorona [the weeping woman], and la Santa Muerte [Saint Death]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both written under pseudonym, Constance Newland's My Self and I (1962) and Jane Dunlap's Exploring Inner Space (1961) are firsthand accounts of psychedelic drug use taken in therapeutic research settings that demonstrate bow women's access to discursive legitimacy was negotiated in mid-twentieth-century life-writing. Newland and Dunlap use realism to connect readers to their psychedelic subjects, while estranging readers' familiar worldviews through metaphor. Through reader recognition and estrangement, Newland and Dunlap develop readers' empathy as a reformist tool to challenge standard narratives of literature and science and carve out new representational space for alternative states of consciousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author examines the short story collection "Main-Travelled Roads," by Hamlin Garland, to argue that regionalist literature was not necessarily anti-modern, and that Garland himself could be seen as an early American modernist author despite his attachment to the agrarian American Midwest. In this sense, the author contrasts Garland's realism with his alleged regionalism.

The article presents literary criticism of the books "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" by Mark Twain and "The Rise of Silas Lapham" by William Dean Howells. Particular focus is given to the mixing of literary genres within the novels. The relationship between literary realism and satire in the books is discussed. Other topics include the genre of romance, newspaper journalism, and the relationship between Twain and Howells.

An essay is presented in which the author describes the state of novels since the 1990s, and discusses the debate over whether or not the novel is an obsolete literary genre. Italian narrative fiction, realism in literature, and the relationship between literature and politics are discussed, as well as the attitudes of authors such as Bruno Arpaia. The novel "Anatomía de un istante" by Javier Cercas and authors such as Dorrit Cohn are cited, and the relationship between novels and ethics is mentioned.

The article discusses the notion of ethos in Jane Austen's novel "Emma." The author argues that while realism plays an important role in the ethos of "Emma," it comprises only part of a didactic strategy that also employs generic parody and affective stylistics. Furthermore, the author suggests that the parody of literary form, in addition to a faithfulness to "real life," constitutes the didactic in Emma.

The article offers literary criticism of the novel "Great Expectations," by Charles Dickens. The author focuses on the concept of optative mood, a form of self-understanding, and examines how the theme of incomplete lives is evident within the novel. Other topics explored include the themes of identity, realism, and embodiment.

A literary criticism of the depiction of violence in literature, with particular attention paid to the novel "Heart of Darkness" by Joseph Conrad is presented. Conrad's simultaneous use of realism and symbolism is explored, and the relationship between symbolism and secularism is examined. The influence of "Heart of Darkness" on subsequent literary depictions of atrocities is also touched on.

The article critiques the book "The Ambassadors," by Henry James and discusses psychoanalytical themes of the novel. The author discusses oedipal imagery as it influences the characters' relationships with the U.S. and Europe. He also comments on James' hermeneutics and literary style. Other topics explored include puritanical repressiveness, realist narrative conventions, and the work's connection to the Hebrew prophet Moses.

The article critiques the woks of the modern realist women authors Dorothy Canfield and Willa Cather, as well as their style and intended audience. The author comments on the highbrow and middlebrow audience and the literary relationship between Canfield and Cather's works. She describes similar scenes and characters, implying that Cather was strongly influenced by Canfield. Other topics explored include the relevance of the writers, hierarchic implications of readership, and engagement with history.

The article discusses the depiction of the 1992 Los Angeles riots in the science fiction novel "The Parable of the Sower" by Octavia Butler. The relationship between genre and the perception of realism by readers and critics is discussed, and competing versions of the events in Los Angeles are described.

The article explores the imagining of Aldous Huxley's novel "Brave New World" in terms of man's reflections on freedom. It argues that freedom is the best set of conditions where one can demonstrate how true principles evince something like an axiomatic correspondence to reality. The article also asserts that the only way to derive an idea of human freedom is from a robust comprehension of antifreedom, an idea that imbues the famous Latin phrase Haec fabula docet or this fable teaches us.

The article presents literary criticism of the book "The Woodlanders" by Thomas Hardy. Particular focus is given to the novel's treatment of various forms of cultivation. According to the author, Hardy depicted an uneasy relationship between nature and cultivation in order to both contribute to and challenge literary realism. It is suggested that Hardy also used realism to explore the inherent artifice of nature. Topics discussed include linear development and mid-19th-century literature.

This literary criticism examines the intertexuality of U.S. author Kate Chopin's novel "The Awakening" with the novel "Madame Bovary" by French writer Gustave Flaubert. Emphasis is given to Chopin's use of a form of literary naturalism and realism that is more romantic than that employed by Flaubert but still influenced by the French realist school.

A literary criticism exploring the realist depiction of tenant farming in the U.S. South within the novel "Barren Ground" by Ellen Glasgow. It is argued that the female protagonist's bourgeois identity rests on the agricultural labor carried out by African American farmers employed by the protagonist. The ways in which these depictions of sharecropping informed early 20th century notions of race and class are also examined.

A literary criticism is offered for the play "Blood Issue" by Harry Crews. Focus is given to Crews depiction of turbulent family relations in the U.S. South based on the instability of the literary trope of place. The ways in which Crews employs both realism and surrealism in the work are explained, as are the themes of isolation and U.S. Southern identity.

The article discusses the role of psychology and literary techniques in the Biblical criticism and interpretation performed by dissenting Protestants in Great Britain. Particular focus is given to the Biblical scholarship of philosopher John Locke, religious leader Philip Doddridge, and theologian Joseph Priestley. Topics discussed German and British higher criticism of the Bible, dissenting reactions to the King James Bible, novelistic realism, and the literary technique of free indirect style.

The two most prominent critical readings of Kate Chopin's "The Awakening" assert that Edna Pontellier's final actions represent either the mythical triumph of self over a restrictive patriarchy, or, contrarily, the tragic, inevitable defeat of a woman striving to combine motherhood with personhood. Challenging these readings, this paper argues that Edna's actions reveal the danger of withdrawing from all available social roles in favor of an identity-less, though ultimately elusive and destructive, freedom. This paper also argues that "The Awakening," although traditionally aligned with realism and naturalism, implicitly questions the values associated with these modes of representation. Portraying identity as a social fiction one inhabits with a certain amount of willpower, the text complicates realism's insistence on the empirical; depicting women who wield significant power over their lives, as well as a protagonist who erroneously believes she has no say over her own, the novella undermines naturalism's tendency toward fatalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A literary criticism is presented of the novel "An American Tragedy," by Theodore Dreiser and the cinematic realism in the book. Dreiser's interest in films and in being a screenwriter is explored, particularly his opinion of a film adaptation of the novel that was directed by Josef von Sternberg. The relationship between literature and film is considered, particularly narrative and literary realism. Other topics include film criticism, realism, and cinematography.

An essay is presented regarding the play "Madame Bovary: mœurs de province" based from the novel of Gustave Flaubert. It notes that the readers had ignored the novel's religious discussion considering its language and categorization as a realism. It explores the inspiration, setting, and characters of the play and relates them to the Bible and phlebotomy. Moreover, the author mentions that Flaubert has created one scene in the play that should not be read.

The article focuses on the novel "A Hazard of New Fortunes," by William Dean Howells, which is said to provide a case study for realist structural analysis and dramatize the contradictions in the political orientation of the author. The fate of the middle class under capitalism after the Civil War was represented by the experiences of the character, Basil March. It mentions that the character struggles for self-determination.

The article offers information on the influences of the figural realism of Dante Alighieri as distinguished in the book "The Decameron," and the "Esposizioni," by Giovanni Boccaccio. It notes that the selections from "The Decameron" found in the "Norton Anthology to World Literature" gives an overture grounds of the relation between the specified works. It mentions the work of Vittore Branca who challenged the realism of Giovanni Boccaccio, that is much related to the works of Dante Alighieri. However, the presence of the works of Dante Alighieri in "The Decameron," has came forth in the late twentieth century with the work of Victoria Kirkham, Robert Hollander, and Attilo Bettinzoli.

The article discusses the implications of literary writing style of American author David Foster Wallace. According to the author, Wallace's writing styles stimulate divergent responses from readers that allow him to experience a different level of notoriety from his fellow authors because of the commercial success of all his works. In addition, the author notes that Wallace authorship technique depicts postmodernism and aesthetic objects that represent a true meaning of self actualization and appositional relation. It also cites Wallace's literary works as well as the relevance of its characters on the modern society.

An essay is presented on the famous family story novels of renowned writer Elizabeth Enright. It cited in particular Enright's Melendy series which will disprove an astute observation that no authoritative definition of the family story has been published to date. The author refutes the widespread disagreement on what does and what does not constitute a family story and the role that the historical novel play in the construction of domestic realism.