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Few women major in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields at the undergraduate level. Given the drive to attract and retain students in general, and women in STEM in particular, educational institutions need to know what resources and services might help support these students in their work. This study seeks to provide a better understanding of how undergraduate women in STEM use the academic library. The study involved focus groups and interviews with women at a research-intensive university in the United States. Grounded theory principles provided a basis for analysis of the collected conversations. The findings from this study indicate that undergraduate women in STEM depend on the academic library as a quiet place to study where there are few distractions and technology is easily available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Libraries remain one of the last places on campus where the purging of usage data is encouraged and "tracking" is a dirty word. While some libraries have demonstrated the usefulness of analytics, opponents bring up issues of privacy and debate the feasibility of student-generated library data for planning and assessment. Using a study conducted at the University Library, California State University, Long Beach, the authors of this article identified practical knowledge of data research that academic librarians will benefit from understanding. Readers will learn about the role campus culture plays in data gathering, be exposed to the complexities of learning analytics and Institutional Review Board (IRB) clearance, and read how the authors weighed the ethical use of big data analysis for assessing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes an investigation into whether institutional repositories at member libraries of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) provide publicly available metadata documentation via the repositories' websites. The study compares the results of a September 2017 survey with findings from a review of ARL institutional repository websites. Slightly more than half of ARL institutional repositories do provide metadata documentation. Implications of the results are discussed, including specific research questions for moving forward. A call to reimagine documentation as a tool of transparency is delivered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

abstract Zines have begun to gain a place in higher education as pedagogical tools studied or made by students, and many academic libraries maintain zine collections. The library literature reveals little about how nonlibrarian faculty use zines in their classrooms. This paper describes the results of a survey of faculty from a range of academic disciplines and professions who teach with zines and other booklet forms. Survey results reveal the extent to which faculty zine pedagogies include collaboration with librarians and use of library collections. Faculty describe instructional activities and attitudes that many library professionals, including reference and instruction librarians, directors or deans, catalogers, acquisition and special collections librarians, and archivists, may find useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author presents a history of the U.S. Supreme Court case of Pennekamp v. Florida and the question of freedom of the press. He discusses the role of the "Miami Herald" and its editor John D. Pennekamp in the publication of editorials and editorial cartoons criticizing the Florida court system, the charges of contempt of court, and the hearings before the Florida Supreme Court and then the U.S. Supreme Court.

The author discusses the role of librarians as stewards of the academic library in helping off-campus communities meet pressing challenges in the 21st century. According to the author, to help break the academe-community barrier librarians should look beyond the confines of the library to transform the place into a more outward-facing institution. Further, he notes that as stewards of place, librarians should view libraries and communities as an organic unity and not as separate entities.

The article presents the author's views on her exprerience of teaching medical history using primary sources at the University of Minnesota. The undergraduate courses that she developed at the university are discussed which are Technology and Medicine in Modern America and Women, Health, and History. Also discussed are the benefits of using primary sources to improve students' understanding of medicine and health.

A dedication to service is often cited as a hallmark of a profession. Service is included as one of eleven Core Values in the American Library Association's "Core Values of Librarianship" (2004). For librarians, service includes helping people find information resources to meet their educational, recreational, and work needs. Reporting findings from a larger study into the professional identity of librarians, this paper explores the centrality of service, with specific attention to how librarians advocate for their services and, ultimately, for librarianship. Using a discourse analysis approach, this study examines the roles that Service as a Core Value and advocacy play in the construction of professional identity. Three different data sources were used: professional journals, e-mail discussion lists, and research interviews. The data were analyzed for the discourses librarians use when describing librarians, librarianship, and professionalism and their connection to advocacy. When librarians advocate for the services they offer, they are in fact advocating for the value of the profession. Discursively, speaking or writing about advocacy positioned librarians as active participants in their own identity formation. By making advocacy a central activity of the profession, librarians not only challenged others' perception of librarianship, they challenged their own understanding as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented which discusses the African American itinerant bookseller and editor Kathryn Magnolia Johnson's activism from the 1910s through the 1950s, including her efforts to increase membership in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). An overview of Johnson's efforts to promote reading among African Americans, including to increase their racial pride and to have knowledge of their history, is provided.

The article deals with the proliferation of cheap fiction as a manifestation of changing media landscape and its impact on children in the U.S. during the 19th century. A media ecological approach is used to examine children's literature in the early 1800s, the response of the American public and adults to this media change, and the emergence of the dime novels. The campaign to elevate the reading taste of children and the role of public libraries to reach out to children are mentioned.

The article discusses the jurisprudence of former U.S. Supreme Court associate justice William Rufus Day. It examines Day's reluctance to dissent from majority opinions of the Court, particularly his seemingly differing views in his decision to dissent in the U.S. Supreme Court case Lochner v. New York and his majority opinion in the U.S. Supreme Court case Hammer v. Dagenhart. The article discusses Day's commitment to federalism, his relationship with former U.S. president William McKinley, and Day's interest in U.S. politics.

: Building on the theoretical proposals of Kevin Guthrie and others concerning the transition from print books to e-books in academic and health sciences libraries, this paper presents data collected using the MINES for Libraries® e-resource survey methodology. Approximately 6,000 e-book uses were analyzed from a sample of e-resource usage at thirteen academic and health sciences research libraries between July 2009 and June 2013. The authors report on findings about e-book usage and propose explanations regarding how the adoption path from print books to e-books differs from the growth in use of e-journals and the associated decline in print journals usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay reconstructs in previously unavailable detail the 1980s race to clone and market what would be biotechnology's most important product to date, erythropoietin or EPO. The scientific contest continued into the U.S. courts, which were charged with deciding competing patent claims to the natural substance as a drug. Through case law in the new domain of recombinant DNA, the courts imposed a de facto policy that shaped the business and scientific environment of small biotechnology firms so as to narrow research efforts and assimilate the sector to the established pharmaceutical industry. However, alternative dispensations in patent law were possible at the time, and the public's interest might have been better served. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulation of large collections by members of the American Association of Research Libraries is seen by them as fundamental to their research support role. This article outlines collection development and management practice and policy of the association members between 1945 and 1979. The study is a critical history where narrative is accompanied by analysis and context. Collecting policy and practice is reviewed with a focus on the strategies adopted to cope with the consequences of growth which led to pressure on capacity. A critique of collections policy reviews three significant causal factors: institutional competition, the conception of the role of librarian as a "bookman" as opposed to manager, and the belief that collections would be of longer-term value to the university in that they transcended immediate needs. The advent of usage studies is examined, and the implications of the study for current policy concerning printed collections are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the U.S. Associate Solicitor of Labor, Bessie Margolin and her significant contribution to the U.S. Department of Labor. She also contributed to the U.S. labor law along with the enforcement of the U.S. Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and then the Equal Pay Act. The history of her life and career development was described by the retired Chief Justice of the U.S., Earl Warren at the retirement ceremony of Bessie Margolin. Her carrier as a research assistant of Professor Ernest G. Lorenzen at the Yale Law School is also mentioned.

The article discusses the proliferation of sexual health literature in the U.S. during the nation's Progressive Era with focus given to the sexual health books written by Lutheran minister and subsequent publisher Sylvanus Stall in his Self and Sex series. Stall independently published his books with his company Vir Publishing. The author examines the distribution and readership of Stall's work as well as his marketing and sales techniques. Emphasis is given to the publishing of the book "What a Young Boy Ought to Know."

This article utilizes qualitative methods to explore changes in women's representation in a specific historical topic: World War II narratives. On one hand, war discourse is fundamental to the historical understanding of politics in many parts of the world. Furthermore, since the time World War II narratives first appeared in school textbooks, women's status has significantly increased around the world and in the United States. As a result, these narratives provide an interesting case to examine historical and enduring gender roles and power structures. Using a collection of twelve U. S. history secondary school textbooks published between the years 1956 and 2007 and used in California's public schools, we employ a modified version of Mary Kay Thompson Tetreault's (1986) five stages of thinking about women's history as our coding scheme. Our findings reveal not only greater mentions of women in newer textbooks, but also a greater use of compensatory and "bi-focal" narratives. However, we argue that these more recent texts still fall far short of adopting multifocal, relational narratives that challenge hegemonic gender relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which examines the publication and copyright status of American dissertations produced prior to 1978. The study uses an exploratory review of documentation and a content analysis of written communications to investigate whether doctoral dissertation dissemination was in the form of college libraries or through microfilm. Results show that both library deposit and microfilm distribution of the dissertations were considered publication for copyright purposes.

Pakistan's parliamentary libraries reflect the challenges that the democratic institutions they serve have faced since independence in 1948. This article provides a historical context to the development of the bicameral parliament in Pakistan and four provincial assemblies. It describes the founding and development of parliamentary library and research services in that context and presents some of the newest innovations and reforms that the institutions have initiated in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay evaluates various diagrams presented on Gertrude Stein's, an experimental expatriate United States writer, notebooks. The section determines Stein's production of diagram in relation to popular print culture, the visual-textual complex of the pictorial turn of the mid-nineteenth century. It also discusses the characteristics of Stein's other notebooks, which contain the manuscript of her story "Subject-cases: The Background of a Detective Story," and "What Are Master-pieces and Why Are There So Few of Them."

The article explores the role, experience and practices of library directors in using data analysis in decision making in the U.S. It states that data collection and planning are not effectively recognized because directors are dissatisfied with the data gathered by their staff. Directors express their doubts on the reliance on intuition and accepted assumptions as well the desire for data management and analytics. They believe that better, reliable and effective decision is achieved through implementation of electronic and Internet resource data and analytics systems.

For those of us who gravitate toward rebels and upstarts, Supreme Court Justice William Johnson has uncommon appeal, if only because he was the first member of the federal Bench to kick up his heels in a sustained, effective, and deliberate way. In 1954, Johnson's only biographer, Donald Morgan, proclaimed him “the first dissenter,” 1 a force for democratization in the style of Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson, the man who persuaded Chief Justice John Marshall to compromise on the question of unitary opinions and institutionalize (if not applaud) publication of concurring or dissenting departures from the majority's official reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the history of multiracialism in the Boyle Heights neighborhood in East Los Angeles, California. Transformation of community from Jewish enclave to predominantly Mexican community; Neighborhood's commitment to multiracialism in the 1950s; History of Jewish Boyle Heights in the late twentieth century.

Currently, in the United States, the Library of Congress (LC) is involved in two programs that are of particular importance to it and potentially of importance to all who care about maximizing the benefits of digital technology for information service. Both programs have acronymic names that are, at best, mysterious, and, at worst, weird. One is called the DODL and the other is the NDIIPP. DODL stands for Distributed Open Digital Library, and NDIIPP stands for National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program. The Digital Library Federation, which is supported primarily by its members including the Library of Congress, is in the process of generating financing for the DODL, of appointing a coordinator for it, of forming a collections development working group to plan development of the DODL's content, and of forming a technical working group that will develop an enabling infrastructure for the collaborative library. There is widespread concern about how to preserve, long-term, all the digital materials that publishers, libraries, scholars, and others are creating.

Effie Louise Power (1873-1969) represented the high standard of collaboration among children's librarians that characterized the entire development of youth services work. This article examines Power's role in U.S. library history as a practitioner, library and information science educator, national and regional professional leader, and author. Particular emphasis is given to Power's place in the network of children's librarians in the early twentieth century, her professional authority as the librarian selected by the American Library Association to write the first textbook for children's librarianship, and her success as one of the many librarians who have written and edited children's books, especially folktale collections for use in storytelling programs. Emerging most notably from this research is the discovery of how energetically, albeit quietly, Power influenced not only her contemporaries but also the next several generations of children's librarians who have followed in her professional footsteps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY (AAS), founded in 1812, is the nation's oldest historical organization. Its library of books, serials, manuscripts, and graphic arts extends from the colonial period through the late nineteenth century. Generations of scholars, graduate students, bibliographers, and independent researchers have studied at the library, "under its generous dome." This article explores elements of the institution's history, the evolution of its collections, and the relationship between its staff and readers that make it a leading humanities research center. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the collections, carefully and aggressively acquired for two centuries, are extraordinarily supportive for new trends in research. Comments offered by several recent scholars working in a variety of fresh historical, literary, and interdisciplinary projects illustrate how the depth and breath of AAS collections proved indispensable for their research, Sometimes referred to as "the stuff of everyday life." AAS resources not only support new trends in research, but the expansive range of primary documents has enabled the institution to foster a new area of study--the history of the book. An overview of its Program in the History of the Book in American Culture provides examples of the AAS leadership role in this academic discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information regarding the Federal Library Depository Program. Investigates why fifteen colleges and university libraries left the program between 1998 and 2001; Discusses the availability of electronic documents as being large factor for withdrawing from the program.

Provides information regarding a web-based survey conducted by the University of Maryland libraries in 2001. Survey investigates faculty and students views on use of electronic journals; Examines use of print journals in library collections and what format is most important to faculty and students research.

THERE IS A RELATIVE DEARTH OF INFORMATION on the World Wide Web about labor unions and labor history. One notable exception is an online exhibit, entitled "La Causa--The History of the United Farm Workers," which was created by the Walter P. Reuther Library/Archives of Labor and Urban History. This article draws upon the experience of the Reuther Library in creating the UFW exhibit and asserts that an effective learning experience can be provided if the Web design is kept relatively simple, hypertext links are used, ease of navigation is emphasized, and other factors are taken into consideration. Creating a simple site will allow simple use and more users to visit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a historical background and development of the Lion and Lamb Peace Arts Center in Bluffton College in Ohio which began as a children's literature collection by Elizabeth Hostetler. Activities of the center; Features and services of the center; Honors given to the center.

Focuses on recent trends in statewide academic library partnerships in the United States. Why academic libraries were originally created; Why they have been forming joint ventures; Examination of five of these statewide efforts, including the Louisiana Library Network, OhioLINK and TexShare in Texas; Areas of particular interest in these efforts.

Focuses on libraries in United States and the challenges they face in the digital world. Comparison of library leaders' visions and public's prescriptions for libraries; Strategies for libraries to catch up with the digital age; Relevance of the libraries in the community; Evolving role of the librarian.

Provides information on how the Learning Page of the Library of Congress (LC) was created. Detailed information on American Memory launched by LC; Year the program was launched; Listing of LC's five objectives; Design of the Learning Page; Information on the future of the Learning Page.