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Background: Salmonella has been found to be the major cause of foodborne diseases and a serious public health problem in the world, with an increasing concern for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant strains., Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on poultry and poultry farms in Addis Ababa from February 2016 to April 2016 to determine the occurrence and evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella isolates. A total of 200 samples consisting of the cloacal swab (n = 168), pooled litter (n = 12), hand swab (n = 8), pooled feed and water (n = 12) were collected separately from six poultry farms. The samples were examined for the presence of Salmonella through culturing on bacteriological media. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's Chi-square (X 2 ) and bivariate logistic regression were used in the analysis of the data. Accordingly, out of 200 samples, 23 (11.50%) were Salmonella positive, of which 21(12.50%) were in cloacal swab and 2(16.67%) in the pooled litter. There was no statistical association between the bacteriological status of sample type and Salmonella positivity (X 2  = 3.07, P = 0.545). However, there was a statistical association between farms and the rate of Salmonella isolation (X 2  = 22.21, P ≤ 0.00). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing for Salmonella isolates was conducted following the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method (1961)., Results: Out of 23 samples tested, 95.65% of them were resistant to at least one or more antimicrobials. Multiple drug resistances were observed for 69.56% of Salmonella isolates. The highest resistance (73.9%) was observed in kanamycin followed by tetracycline (65.2%) and streptomycin (56.3%). gentamycin was the most effective antibiotic (95.7%; sensitivity) followed by ciprofloxacin (78.3% sensitivity) and ampicillin (69.6% sensitivity., Conclusion: This current study finding indicated that further detailed epidemiological and molecular studies are essential on the frequency and sources of acquisition of resistant genes., (© 2022 The Authors. Veterinary Medicine and Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to May 2019 to estimate seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease virus for cattle and assess associated risk factors in selected districts of afar region. Simple random sampling technique was employed to select the study areas. A total of 384 bovine sera were collected from 72 herds and seroprevalence of the disease was determined using 3ABC-ELISA technique. Data were recorded and coded using Microsoft Excel spread sheet and analysed using STATA. Potential risk factors of the disease were also assessed using logistic regression analysis., Results: Out of 384 sera tested at National Veterinary Institute, the overall seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus was 19.8% (n = 76; 95% CI = 15.8-23.79) at animal level and 56.94% at herd level. The herd level seroprevalence was higher in animals tested from Dubti (85%, n = 17) than Asayita (48.13%, n = 13) and Chifra (44%, n = 11). Among the associated risk factors, age, herd size, district and contact with wild life were statistically associated with foot and mouth disease serostatus (p < 0.05). Medium and large herd size animals were 2.49 (95% CI: 1.33-6.63) and 6.05 (95% CI: 2.54-14.43) times more likely to develop the disease as compared to animals from small herd size, respectively., Conclusions: The current study finding revealed that FMD was more prevalent and economically significant disease in the study districts. Hence, further studies ought to be conducted to estimate the region wise serostatus magnitude of the disease, to assess its economic impact and to identify the circulating serotypes and strains in the areas., (© 2021 The Authors. Veterinary Medicine and Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: In pastoral and lowland areas of the country particularly in Afar region, studies suggested higher prevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) than mid and highland agro-ecologies. Though CBPP is a prime constraint to cattle productivity in the region, research outputs pertaining to CBPP are unavailable compared to highland areas. Thus, the objectives of the current study were to determine seroprevalence of CBPP and assess risk factors in selected districts of Afar region., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on cattle aged 6 months and above from February 2018 to January 2019 in selected districts of the region. A total of 420 blood samples were collected and sera were separated for further serologic analysis. Using competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA), antibodies against Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony (MmmSc) were detected at National Veterinary Institute, Ethiopia. Data were analysed using Stata version 14.0., Result: Of 420 samples tested by c-ELISA, 158 samples were found to be positive for CBPP providing an overall seroprevalence of 37.6%. Among the three risk factors considered (age, sex and district) assessed, only two (age and district) were found to be associated significantly with the disease (p < 0.05) at 95% CI and p-value less than 5% applying logistic regression., Conclusion: The study has revealed a higher prevalence of CBPP over the study areas urging a coordinated act to be set in place., (© 2021 The Authors. Veterinary Medicine and Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)