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Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma arising from a suprapubic cystostomy tract is a rare complication of an indwelling catheter and is caused by long-term inflammation and mechanical irritation. Prognosis is relatively poor. Biomarkers in the cancer pathway have not been investigated., Case Presentation: A 61-year-old woman with a 34-year history of suprapubic catheter placement presented with a rapidly growing elevated lesion around the cystostomy site. Tumor biopsy confirmed squamous cell carcinoma. Local excision with partial cystectomy was performed. Multiple metastases were identified 5 months later. The patient died 14 months after the initial treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis of the resected specimen revealed alterations in vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclooxygenase-2, and Ki-67., Conclusion: We encountered a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising from a suprapubic cystostomy tract. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed activation of multiple carcinogenic pathways in cancer cells, including those for angiogenesis, signal transduction by epidermal growth factor receptor, inflammation, and cell proliferation., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Authors. IJU Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Urological Association.)

Introduction: Treatment-refractory metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease classified into androgen receptor-high prostate cancer, androgen receptor-low prostate cancer, amphicrine prostate cancer co-expressing androgen receptor and neuroendocrine genes, double-negative prostate cancer lacking androgen receptor and neuroendocrine gene expression, and small cell or neuroendocrine prostate cancer without androgen receptor activity. Double-negative tumors can convert to the squamous phenotype., Case Presentation: A 62-year-old man was newly diagnosed with prostate cancer (serum prostate-specific antigen 2613 ng/mL, Gleason score 4 + 5 = 9, cT3aN1M1b) that progressed to castration resistance 4 months after starting abiraterone with androgen deprivation therapy. After enzalutamide and docetaxel failed, a right ilium metastasis newly emerged. Needle biopsy confirmed a metastatic tumor with squamous differentiation that was CK5/6-positive and chromogranin A-, synaptophysin-, and androgen receptor-negative., Conclusion: We encountered a case of double-negative prostate cancer with squamous differentiation identified by needle biopsy of a right ilium metastasis after abiraterone, enzalutamide, and docetaxel failure., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2021 The Authors. IJU Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of the Japanese Urological Association.)

Introduction: We report a case of distal urethral carcinoma treated with segmental urethral excision and reconstruction by staged buccal mucosa urethroplasty., Case Presentation: A 60-year-old man presented with difficulty urinating and a palpable mass on the ventral side of his penis. He was diagnosed as having localized distal urethral carcinoma (cT2N0M0) and underwent penile-preserving surgery with staged urethroplasty using buccal mucosa as substitute tissue. The pathological diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma of the urethra (T2) with negative surgical margin. At 2 years of follow-up, there was no recurrence or metastasis, he could void in a standing position with an acceptable urinary stream, and he found the appearance of his external genitalia acceptable., Conclusion: In cases of distal primary urethral carcinoma, urethroplasty using buccal mucosa graft could be alternative treatment option providing a better postoperative quality of life., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2019 The Authors. IJU Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of the Japanese Urological Association.)