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Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease leading to tooth loss, alveolar bone absorption and disorder of masticatory function. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is one of the most common strategies for regeneration of lost periodontium. During surgical process, barrier membranes, and osteoinductive/osteoconductive materials should be placed, respectively, which may increase risks of infection, bleeding, and difficulty of operation. Here, we introduced a new kind of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanowires modified polylactic acid (PLA) membrane to achieve barrier/osteoinduction dual functions. The physicochemical property measurements suggested the two sides of the composite membrane did not change after composition. Then a rat mandibular defect model was established to investigate barrier and osteoinductive effects of this composite membrane. After implantation, effects of functional cells engraftment and osteoinduction were detected by scanning electron microscope (SEM), histomorphometric measurement, immunohistochemical staining, and Micro-CT scanning. SEM images showed HAp side engrafted more cells than PLA side. The result of immunohistochemical staining suggested HAp/PLA promoted the expression of bone-related markers. Moreover, there were more newly formed bones with better quality in HAp/PLA group. Therefore, this composite membrane would be a promising biomaterial in tissue engineering for bone regeneration due to its barrier/osteoinduction dual functions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 3099-3110, 2018., (© 2018 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC.)

Two novel, bionanocomposite scaffolds were evaluated in a rodent model over the course of three months to determine whether these scaffolds possessed adequate biocompatibility characteristics to warrant further evaluation as possible tissue reconstruction scaffolds. These bionanocomposite scaffolds were comprised of amine-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNP) or silicon carbide nanowires (SiCNW) crosslinked to an acellular porcine diaphragm tendon. It was hypothesized that the addition of nanomaterials to the porcine tendon would also improve its biocompatibility by imparting a nanostructured surface. As early as seven days after implantation, both types of bionanocomposite scaffolds displayed evidence of granulation tissue and the beginning of scaffold remodeling with new collagen deposited by the host, and by ninety-seven days the bionanocomposite scaffolds were completely remodeled with no evidence of any adverse host tissue reaction or scar tissue formation. The AuNP bionanocomposite scaffolds exhibited accelerated scaffold remodeling compared to the SiCNW scaffolds., (Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)