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Background: The aim was to assess the alveolar ridge alteration around extraction sites with and without immediate implants according to extraction socket classification (ESC) using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT)., Material and Methods: Ten beagle dogs (mean age and weight: 24 ± 0.83 months and 13.8 ± 0.49 kg, respectively) were randomly divided into three groups according to the ESC. In Group 1 (ESC-I), bilateral first and third premolars were extracted and replaced with immediate implants. In Group 2 (ESC-II), two adjacent premolars were extracted with one immediate implant placement in the mesial socket in the maxilla and in the distal socket in the mandible. In Group 3 (ESC-III), three adjacent teeth were extracted and an immediate implant was placed in the central socket. Primary closure was achieved using resorbable sutures. Buccal sites with dehiscence defects were excluded. After 4 months, subjects were sacrificed and alveolar ridge widths were measured at 1 mm interval in axial and sagittal views, using micro-CT in sites with and without immediate implants., Results: In sites without immediate implant placement, alveolar ridge width was significantly higher in Group 1(6.1 ± 1.35mm) than Group 3 (4.14 ± 1.53 mm) (p <.05). In sites with immediate implant placement, the alveolar ridge width was higher among sites in Group 1 (6.4 ± 3.8 mm) than Group 2 (4.8 ± 0.46 mm) (p < .05) and Group 3 (5.02 ± 0.84 mm) (p <.05). Overall, between each corresponding group in both sites with and without immediate implant placement at 1 mm thickness, there was no significant difference in the alveolar ridge widths., Conclusion: With the exception of Group 1 (ESC-I), immediate implant placement did not prevent or minimize bone remodeling in extraction sites according to ESC., (© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Background: Tooth extraction is associated with dimensional changes in the alveolar ridge. The aim was to examine the effect of single versus contiguous teeth extractions on the alveolar ridge remodeling., Material and Methods: Five female beagle dogs were randomly divided into three groups on the basis of location (anterior or posterior) and number of teeth extracted - exctraction socket classification: group 1 (one dog): single-tooth extraction; group 2 (two dogs): extraction of two teeth; and group 3 (two dogs): extraction of three teeth in four anterior sites and four posterior sites in both jaws. The dogs were sacrificed after 4 months. Sagittal sectioning of each extraction site was performed and evaluated using microcomputed tomography., Results: Buccolingual or palatal bone loss was observed 4 months after extraction in all three groups. The mean of the alveolar ridge width loss in group 1 (single-tooth extraction) was significantly less than those in groups 2 and 3 (p < .001) (multiple teeth extraction). Three-teeth extraction (group 3) had significantly more alveolar bone loss than two-teeth extraction (group 2) (p < .001). The three-teeth extraction group in the upper and lower showed more obvious resorption on the palatal/lingual side especially in the lower group posterior locations., Conclusion: Contiguous teeth extraction caused significantly more alveolar ridge bone loss as compared with when a single tooth is extracted., (© 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Background: A worrying correlation which seems to be overlooked by clinicians is allergic reactions to titanium (Ti) in patients with dental implants., Purpose: The aim of the present review study was to assess whether or not Ti sensitivity is associated with allergic reactions in patients with dental implants., Materials and Methods: To address the focused question "Can Ti cause allergic reactions in patients with dental implants?", databases were explored from 1977 until May 2010 using a combination of the following keywords: "allergy,""dental,""hypersensitivity,""implant,""oral," and "Titanium." Letters to the editor and unpublished data were excluded., Results: Seven studies (six clinical and one experimental) were included. The participants were aged between 14.3 and 84.1 years. In five clinical studies, Ti implants were inserted in the mandible. Five studies reported dermal inflammatory conditions and gingival hyperplasia as allergic reactions in patients with Ti dental implants. A case report presented swelling in submental and labial sulcus and hyperemia of soft tissues in a patient with Ti dental implants. Two studies reported that Ti implants are well tolerated in host tissues. The patch test was performed in two clinical studies for the diagnosis of allergic reactions. Memory lymphocyte immunostimulation assay and lymphocyte transformation tests were also performed., Conclusion: The significance of Ti as a cause of allergic reactions in patients with dental implants remains unproven., (© 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)