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Music therapy for premature babies in neonatal units: current approaches and practices. The practice of music therapy for premature newborns may question or divide the professionals working in neonate care. True, this care practice isn't well known, especially in France. The effective job of a music therapist, not yet state recognized, might be confusing for some: musician, activity leader in musical mediation, or even worst occult speaker bearer of bad news? Music therapy is far from those few pictures. In this article, we aim to present, through a largely qualitative approach, the current practices of music therapy, in three separate fields: neurology, physiology and behaviors, and psycho sociology. Differences between the use of live or recorded music, adjusted or not to the infant reactions, are analyzed. The advantages of a music therapy delivered by a professional music therapist are proved, especially in the field of neurodevelopment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discovery of the neuropeptide kisspeptin and of its role in the regulation of reproduction have been a breakthrough in our understanding of the physiological mechanisms mastering this physiological function. Several pharmacological and genetic approaches using animal models have shown that kisspeptin directly stimulates GnRH and consequently gonadotrophins secretion. The two main kisspeptin populations are located in the preoptic area and arcuate nucleus. These populations are the target of the positive and negative feedback of sexual hormones. Due to its central role in the stimulation of GnRH secretion, the effect of kisspeptin has been the focus of clinical studies evaluating its capacity to treat some reproductive pathologies. Promising results have been obtained for in vitro fertilization therapy and for the treatment of hypothalamic amenorrhea. Preliminary studies were also performed in patients affected by the polycystic ovary syndrome and by hypofertility due to type II diabetes. All together, these results show that the modulation of the kisspeptin system is a promising therapeutic opportunity. In the future, thanks to the creation of synthetic molecules capable to palliate some limitation of the endogenous molecules, clinical research based on the modulation of the kisspeptin system will certainly gain momentum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peritoneal carcinomatosis is often considered a point of no return in the management of digestive tumors. The natural history of digestive carcinomatosis shows that the spontaneous evolution of this disease is dark with an average survival of about six months, regardless of the primitive site. The precise knowledge of the anatomy of the peritoneum and a better understanding of its physiopathology have made it possible to modify somewhat the prognosis of this pathology by considering it not as a true metastasis, but as a loco-regional disease that can be treated as such. This approach led to the development, especially under the leadership of Paul H. Sugarbaker at the Washington Cancer Institute, of cytoreductive surgery with intraperitoneal chemohyperthermy techniques that made this disease treatable in selected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical compression dates back to centuries and is still a matter of many questions. A major one is "how this treatment works", which remains unclear. Numerous are physiological changes under compression at various levels of macro- and microcirculations. Pressure exerted by medical devices is variable from patient to patient and consequently dose-effect link is hard to interpret. Nonetheless, three major effects of compression therapy can be highlighted: the calf muscle-pump increase, the cutaneous fluid drainage and the decrease of transmural pressure in vein walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé La régulation de l’état acide-base dans l’organisme est un élément essentiel pour le maintien de l’homéostasie. Le couple acide carbonique/bicarbonate (H 2 CO 3 /HCO 3 − ) est le principal tampon pour maintenir un pH dans les valeurs physiologiques. La capacité à (re)générer ce tampon est donc essentielle et passe par une physiologie complexe intéressant à la fois le tubule rénal et le tube digestif. La première partie de cette revue s’intéresse donc aux cycles rénal et digestif du bicarbonate en situation physiologique. Dans différentes circonstances pathologiques, cet équilibre peut être mis en défaut et le recours à un soutien nutritionnel et/ou médicamenteux peut s’avérer nécessaire. La deuxième partie de cette revue se veut un état des lieux des connaissances et une synthèse des données de la littérature à une heure où les traitements alcalinisants sont largement prescrits. En effet, l’alcalinisation, qu’elle soit orale ou intraveineuse, sous la forme d’eaux bicarbonatées, de préparations magistrales ou de traitements médicamenteux, est utilisée dans des situations variées malgré (parfois) un faible niveau de preuve. Une alcalinisation est couramment prescrite en prévention primaire de la néphropathie des produits de contraste iodés, pour traiter l’acidose métabolique de l’insuffisance rénale chronique ou certaines lithiases rénales pour lesquelles l’obtention d’une urine alcaline est nécessaire. La néphropathie à cylindres myélomateux, la rhabdomyolyse et le syndrome de lyse tumorale font facilement prescrire des agents alcalinisants, même si ces habitudes de prescription reposent souvent uniquement sur des données physiopathologiques sans bénéfice clairement démontré. Enfin, le bicarbonate garde une place essentielle dans la composition du dialysat. Acid-base regulation is essential to maintain homeostasis in humans. Carbonic acid/bicarbonate (H 2 CO 3 /HCO 3 − ) couple is the most predominant extracellular buffer to keep plasma pH within a physiological range. The ability to (re)generate such a buffer is a key milestone that necessitates to understand a precise physiology of both renal tubule and digestive tract. Here, we first reviewed renal and digestive cycles of bicarbonate in physiology. We also reviewed pathological findings where acid-base disequilibrium is involved and nutritional and/or alkali therapy could be necessary. Secondly, data from clinical trials were synthesized. Alkali therapy, oral and parenteral, from mineral-based water, masterful preparations or pharmaceutics drugs, is regularly used in a wide range of clinical findings, even if supporting data are (often) of a low level of evidence. Bicarbonate is primarily used during contrast-induced nephropathy, metabolic acidosis in chronic kidney disease or nephrolithiasis in which alkaline urine is necessary. Cast nephropathy, rhabdomyolysis and tumor lysis syndrome make usually physicians prescribe alkali therapy even if this prescription is only supported by physiopathological data without any proven clinical results. Finally, bicarbonate is essential in the composition of dialysate in both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biomaterials containing magnesium are used for implants and bone regeneration. However, mechanisms underlying the biologic effects of magnesium are still largely unknown and have not been examined on normal human osteoblasts. This study was designed to test the effect of supplemented Mg2+ concentrations between 0.5 mM and 16 mM on the osteogenic behaviors of normal human primary osteoblasts. Human primary osteoblasts were cultured in the groups with various concentrations of supplemented magnesium for various time intervals. Cell proliferation was measured using crystal violet staining. Degree of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured by fluorometric assay. Expression of osteocalcin was measured by immunosorbent assay. Mineralization of cultures was determined by Alizarin Red S staining. Results showed that initial cell attachment efficiency was not affected by supplemented Mg2+ (P > 0.05). At 21 days, proliferation rates increased in groups containing 0.5 mM-4 mM supplemented Mg2+ and decreased in groups of supplemented 8 mM and 16 mM Mg2+. ALP activity and osteocalcin expression were upregulated in groups of supplemented Mg2+ between 0.5 mM-2.0 mM (P < 0.05), but downregulated in groups with supplemented Mg2+ concentrations of 4mM and above (P < 0.05). Cultures with 1 mM and 2 mM supplemented Mg2+ showed upregulated mineralization activity compared to the control (P < 0.05), but downregulated in groups with supplemented Mg2+ concentrations of 4 mM and above (P < 0.05). The present study based on an experimental design demonstrated the impact of 2 mM supplemented Mg2+ on induced-proliferation and differentiation of normal human osteoblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A potential neuroprotective role for magnesium in neurological disease has been appreciated for almost three decades, yet translation to the clinical arena has proven elusive. Accumulating experimental evidence continues to suggest that magnesium plays a critical role in a number of neurological conditions including headache, stress, alcohol/drug intoxication, acute brain injury, seizures, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Simple administration of a magnesium salt in these conditions has not always been therapeutically successful, with a number of studies showing poor penetration of serum magnesium across the blood brain barrier. Several studies have since demonstrated that using a carrier such as polyethylene glycol can address this, simultaneously reducing the dose of magnesium required to achieve the desired central effects while at the same time attenuating deleterious peripheral effects. Alternatively, administering a more permeable magnesium salt, such as magnesium threonate, is seen as the preferred option in more chronic neurological conditions, with positive results having been achieved in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease. Irrespective of the approach, improved central penetration of a magnesium compound that avoids peripheral side effects of high magnesium dosages is clearly a desirable outcome, and should now be investigated in animal models that accurately mimic the complex human condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium is one of the most important elements in the human body and is involved in a number of biochemical processes crucial for the proper functioning of the cardiovascular, alimentary, endocrine, and osteoarticular systems. It also plays a vital modulatory role in brain biochemistry, influencing several neurotransmission pathways associated with the development of depression. Personality changes, including apathy, depression, agitation, confusion, anxiety, and delirium are observed when there is a deficiency of this element. Rodents receiving a diet deficient in magnesium displayed depressive behaviour that was reversed by antidepressant drugs. Poor nutrition, gastrointestinal and renal diseases, insulin resistance and/or type 2 diabetes, alcoholism, stress, and certain medications may lead to magnesium deficiency. Since the extracellular concentration of magnesium ions may not reflect their intracellular level, none of the current methods of evaluating magnesium status is regarded as satisfactory. The mood-improving potential of magnesium compounds have been confirmed by the results of numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies. It seems that magnesium supplementation is well-tolerated and enhances the efficacy of conventional antidepressant treatments, and as such could be a valuable addition to the standard treatments for depression, although differences in bioavailability between inorganic and organic compounds should be taken into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors reflect on the papers presented at the XIV International Magnesium Symposium entitled "Magnesium in Health & Disease" held in Roma, Villa Malta from June 23-24, 2016. Topics discussed include the fluctuating concentration of intracellular magnesium, the magnesium transport proteins, and the impact of magnesium intake on human health.

Objective. A higher magnesium intake may reduce the risk of depression. We analyzed this association in the SUN Mediterranean cohort with an expanded sample size (n = 15,836) and a long follow-up (median = 10.2 y). Methods. We followed 9,289 women (age = 34.8, SD = 10.4) and 6,547 men (age = 42.8, SD = 13.1) initially free of any history of depression for a new-onset of medically diagnosed depression (maximum follow-up = 15.9 y). All participants in this cohort were university educated. We systematically reviewed previous studies relating magnesium to depression. Results. We observed 837 incident cases of depression during 147,915 person-years of follow-up in the SUN cohort. No significant association of magnesium intake with the risk of depression was found, with a fully-adjusted hazard ratio = 0.85 (95% confidence interval = 0.60-1.22, for fifth versus first quintile). When we used a more restrictive definition for depression (both a medical diagnosis and habitual use of antidepressants), this HR was 0.63 (0.35-1.14). No significant association was found in our systematic review. Conclusion. No conclusive evidence for an association between magnesium dietary intake and depression incidence was found. Further longitudinal studies with a larger sample size and a better assessment of confounders and of depression cases are needed to try to identify potential protection against depression by magnesium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environnement, Risques & Santé is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Néphrologie & Thérapeutique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Néphrologie & Thérapeutique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sciences Sociales et Santé is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the medical and biological aspects of medically assisted procreation, in response to the artice "L'infertilité dans les couples hétérosexuels : genre et « gestion » de l'échec," which discussed the phenomenon using a psycho-sociological prism. The author presents data and information on the people concerned, with particular focus given to the psychological impact on women, especially in the event of failure to procreate.

Copyright of Néphrologie & Thérapeutique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sciences Sociales et Santé is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)