1. Effect of Continuous Intake of Lemon Drink with Added Calcium during Growth Period on Bone Density.
- Author
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Hiromi Ikeda, Tadayuki Iida, Masanori Hiramitsu, Takashi Inoue, and Toshihide Harada
- Abstract
Objective: To prevent osteoporosis, it is important that a high maximum bone density is obtained by increasing bone density during periods of growth. Design: We conducted a longitudinal validation study to investigate the effects of long-term intake of a drink containing lemon juice with added calcium on bone density in children in a growth phase. Materials and Methods: The enrolled subjects were 16 students aged from 9 to 13 years old who were instructed to drink one bottle (290 ml) of the study drink per day. Height, body weight, BMI, and bone density of the forearm bone were measured at the start of the study and then again after 1, 2, and 3.5 years. Values determined at the study start and again after 3.5 years were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's multiple comparison test. Results: Bone density in the subjects was increased at each measurement point in both genders. That in males showed a significant increase at 3.5 years (p = 0.04), and in females showed a significant increase at 1 (p < 0.01) and 3.5 years (p = 0.02) as compared with the study start. Conclusions: The present findings indicated that continuous intake of a drink containing lemon juice with added calcium contributes to calcium uptake in growing children and suggests a chelate effect of citric acid, which may help to obtain a high level of bone density in early adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023