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The effect of leukinferon (LKF) administration to 20 patients with acute renal inflammation was evaluated versus the effect of basic therapy given to 19 matched patients. A short course of LKF (3 injections) promoted more rapid discontinuation of the fever, recovery of satisfactory general condition, healing of postoperative wounds. Immunologically, the test subjects exhibited a rise in the previously low levels of lymphocytes, B-cells, T-helpers, IgA and IgG. The proportion of T-lymphocyte subpopulations improved and the activity of EC-cells enhanced. It is thought valid to use LKF in acute renal inflammation and surgical urological affections.

Informative value of ultrasonography potential in the diagnosis of nephrotuberculosis was studied by comparison with conventional x-ray and intraoperative findings in 78 relevant patients. Three patterns of renal ultrasonic architectonics changes in nephrotuberculosis were revealed: 1) focal heterogeneity of renal parenchyma, 2) pseudocystic type, 3) hydronephrotic transformation. It is concluded that ultrasonography is superior to routine diagnostic methods, but is recommended for use in combination with standard methods of phthisiourological diagnosis.

Recombinant interferon treatment of donors' and bladder cancer patients' lymphocytes results in activation of natural killer cells which is in correlation with enhanced activity of 2,5-oligoadenylate synthetase in them. The study of sensitivity of bladder cancer cell primary cultures showed that the cells are sensitive to various interferons virtually in all the cases observed as indicated by high synthetase activity. The baseline level of 2,5-oligoadenylate synthetase in tumor cells surpassed that in natural killers from healthy donors which may be related to elevated levels of serum gamma-interferon in the above patients.

A clinical trial of polypeptide prostatic preparation prostatilen has been performed in 37 and 15 patients with chronic prostatitis and prostatic adenoma, respectively. The treatment resulted in attenuation of algetic and dysuria symptoms. Copulative function and spermatogenesis improved. The uroflowmetric index rose, while residual urine and leukocyte count in prostatic secretion reduced. The drug demonstrated antibacterial and immunomodulation effects in the absence of adverse reactions. Prostatilen is indicated in: chronic prostatitis, prostatic adenoma stage I, normospermatogenic and toxic sterility, interoceptive copulative dysfunction, dysuria. The drug in recommended for clinical application.

The paper presents evidence on dysfunction of natural killer cells and abnormal proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclears to T- and B-cell mitogens (PHA, Phytolacca) in patients at varying stages of acute pyelonephritis. A number of immunomodulators (recombinant alpha 2-interferon, IL-2 and tactivin) produce different effects on natural killer activity and lymphocyte blast transformation in healthy donors and pyelonephritis patients. Immunotropic effects of immunopeptides depend on the drug dose, the response of various subpopulations of the immunocompetent cells being individual. It is suggested that immune system, natural killer activity in particular, plays an important part in pathogenesis of acute pyelonephritis. In vitro experiments demonstrate that there can be a positive clinical response to tactivin and recombinant alpha 2-interferon administered in doses activating the function of certain immunocompetent cells.

The functional state of urethral neutrophil granulocytes in patients with chronic urethro-prostatitis, and possibility of miramistin use in complex treatment of the disease were investigated. The data revealed functional suppression of these granulocytes in the patients. Complex treatment with miramistin normalized indices of urethral phagocytic activity, on the contrary, after treatment of the patients without the agent there was no tendency to normalize urethral phagocytic function. The findings suggest that miramistin supplemented to routine antiinflammatory therapy improves curative results in patients with chronic urethro-prostatitis but the drug should be prescribed in accordance with the initial function of urethral neutrophil granulocytes.

The interrelation between transplantation antigens of the HLA system and predisposition to acute pyelonephritis (PN) were studied in 81 patients, of them 36 with acute serous PN and 45 with acute purulent PN. HLA phenotype was identified with a routine lymphocytotoxic microtest in which a home-made typing panel of HLA antiserum to antigens of A and B loci was used. 150 healthy donors were subjected to control typing. Variance in HLA frequency reliability in patients and controls was verified with chi 2 criterion for tables 2 X 2. The study demonstrated higher frequency of B8 and B14 and lower of Aw19 and B35 antigens in patients with PN versus the healthy controls. Differential analysis with regard to the clinical course of the disease revealed that predisposition to acute serous PN was associated with the occurrence of A3 and B14 antigens while A10 and B8 antigens were indicative of acute purulent PN. It has been stated that purulent PN is developing in presence of secondary deficiency of T and B immune systems. Cross-reacting antigens B14 and B8, as well as splitting antigens A10 and A25 lend more ground to varying clinical course of the disease. HLA antigen B35 is found associated with the development of acute PN resistance.

Based on the examination of 1050 patients the authors make a conclusion of great significance of renoscintigraphy, ultrasonic scanning and thermography for differential diagnostics of acute pyelonephritis, acute cholecystitis and pancreatitis.