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Available is pilot experience in the use of extracorporeal shock--wave lithotripsy for acute--stage management of calculous cholecystitis running with obturation of the cystic duct in the absence of complications. Crushing of the stones resulted in elimination of the duct obturation and compression of the gallbladder in 95% of the patients, the acute episode was arrested and 50% of those treated got free of the stones. These therapeutic results are promising and evidence extracorporeal lithotripsy efficiency in acute obstructive cholecystitis.

The authors describe their first experience with treatment of 46 patients with extracorporeal lithotripsy. Its high effectiveness has been shown. The method is atraumatic and harmless, there is no risk of lethal outcome. These properties allow using the method both in patients having contraindications to operation because of their critical general state and in patients who refused to be operated upon.

The rheological properties of blood (viscosity, thrombocyte and erythrocyte aggregation activity, ability of erythrocytes for deformation) were studied in 49 patients subjected to surgical operation of different duration and volume of blood loss. It was found that a surgical trauma causes alterations in rheological properties of blood. The degree of hemorheological deviations was shown to correlate with the severity of surgery. In order to reduce the amount of postoperative complications in the patients it is necessary to investigate the main rheological parameters and their correction.

Directed normovolemic hemodilution with the preoperative reservation of part of the patients' blood considerably reduced the pathologic effect of the operative aggression on the microcirculation system, allowed reduction of the frequency of postoperative complications and increased the efficiency of treatment of 93 patients with diseases of organs of the abdominal cavity.