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The pathomorphological picture of 17 lungs resected for various forms of chronic nonspecific diseases of the lungs was compared with results of preoperative radioisotope studies. It was found that greater degree of decreased capillary blood flow in the lungs was followed by progressive growth of destructive, sclerotic alterations in the altered part of the lung, rearrangement of the vascular bed from the network type to the major vessel type took place. Similar comparison can help the clinic physician to disclose the real picture of the pathological process in the lungs.

The authors present data on 142 children with sequellae of acute destructive pneumonia. In 101 patients there were 105 operations without lethal outcomes. Timely surgical measures were found to give better results of the treatment of acute destructive pneumonias.

The work was undertaken to study late results of surgical treatment of suppurative lung diseases during 1950-1974. Questionaries were sent to 420 operated patients. Answers were received from 328 (78%) patients, 86% of them were examined clinically, 14%--were estimated according to questionaries and their physician findings. 50 per cent of patients were followed up for 10-24 years. A positive effect was gained in 94.8%. 82 per cent of the operated patients have practically recovered well. The causes of poor issues are described, and trends for their improvement are delineated.

Follow-up observations during the period from 1 to 5 years were performed in 12 of 18 patients subjected to bilateral resections of lungs for chronic pulmonary suppurations. Different forms of lung hypertension were revealed in 9 out of the 12 patients. The function of external ventilation was found to be disturbed in a considerable degree.

The results of studies on the state of the peripheral blood flow in 43 patients with surgical forms of pulmonary pathology are reported. Studies were conducted by means of photopletismography and oscillometry pre-and postoperatively. The patients' age ranged from 5 to 15 years. The investigation was performed before the operation and induction of narcosis (initial data), to the end of the operation and narcosis, during the first 2 days postoperatively, as well as in the next days of the first week after the operation. A high informative value of photopletismography and oscillography in estimating the state of the peripheral blood circulation in these patients has been emphasized.

A correlation of clinical specific features of the postoperative period and dynamics of immunological indices in patients operated upon for chronic nonspecific diseases of lungs and pleura was established. Pyo-inflammatory complications were three times more often in decreased amount of T-lymphocytes after operation. HBO-therapy has an immunostimulating effect in the form of increased total and active T rosette-forming lymphocytes, causes more rapid elimination of purulent intoxication, purification of the pleural cavity from the purulent discharge and makes the period of treatment at the hospital shorter.

The development of protein insufficiency in children with surgical diseases is considered by the authors to be an important problem. Even good appetite does not always meet the protein requirements of the organism. An additional probe feeding is indicated for the reestalishment of passage along the intestine if the natural supply by food products fails to meet the needs of the organism.

The authors have generalized the experience of using continuous peridural anesthesia in 204 children of different ages after operations on thoraic and abdomenal organs in acute pneumonias and marked enteroparesis. The efficiency of this method (96,1%) is shown. The authors believe the continous peridural anesthesia to be the method of choice after injuring operations and in stable enteropareses caused by peritonitis, pneumonia.

A complex of physico-chemical, biochemical and morphologic methods was used to study the surfactant state in resected lungs of 44 patients with chronic suppurative processes. A possibility of correction of some surface--active properties of the surfactant through the effect of the preoperative management with the use of intrapulmonary electrophoresis of antibiotics, hydrocortisone and heparin was established.

Study of remote results of the surgical treatment of pulmonary-pleural complications of acute pneumonia in children permitted evaluating the efficiency of various methods. Drainage of the pleural cavity resulted in complete recovery if the suffering was caused by a small subpleural zone of necrosis. Suturing of destructive foci and atypical resections failed to result in a recovery. Anatomical resections gave favourable results in most critical patients. In acute period a differential approach to such patients is necessary.

Interstitial electrophoresis of antibiotics included in the complex of curative measures was shown to be highly effective for the treatment of chronic pneumonia. The conclusion was made on the basis of an analysis of results of treatment of 128 patients with chronic pneumonia.

The maximum exposure and regimens of action of the low frequency ultrasound on the lung and pleura tissue were established in experimental studies. The ultrasound energy was used in the clinic for the complex treatment of 139 patients with acute purulent diseases of the lungs and pleura and in 76 children with chronic bronchopulmonary pathology. High therapeutic effects were achieved which suggests the further application of the method to be fairly promising in children surgery.