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The results of 28 patients with formed small intestine fistulas after resection of portions of the small intestine of different length were analyzed. In 15 patients the terminal part of the iliac was not more than 10 cm, in 13 patients it was completely ablated. The reconstructive operation for closure of the fistulas was performed in 3.5 months at an average since the moment of putting the fistulas. The enteroenteral anastomosis next to the blind gut was formed to 12 patients, enterocecal--to 8 patients. Long-term results were good in 15 patients, satisfactory--in 5.

The operation vertical gastroplasty is used to treat the so-called morbid obesity. It ends with the formation of a small stomach. Some experience gained with X-ray of the stomach is analyzed in 17 patients undergone vertical gastroplasty. X-ray evaluates the status of the small stomach arranged as a tube in the upper portions in the vicinity of the lesser curvature of the stomach. The shape, sizes, outlet of the small stomach, as well as emptying rates and the state of an internal vertical suture of the stomach are to be studied.

Computed tomography (CT) was used to examine 114 patients with pericardial diseases. CT symptomatology of pericardial diseases are given in detail. CT defines the thickness and density of the pericardium and its content. To identify constrictive pericarditis, it provides additional information on the status of the vena cava, atria, ventricles and on pleural changes. The minimum pericardial amount of capsulated fluid that can be detected by CT is estimated to be 10 ml. Multipositional CT and functional CT (to breathe in and out) are indicated in the diagnosis of pericardial cysts.

Fifty-one patients with stenosis of the upper portion of the tracheobronchial tree of various origins were examined; the sensitivity of computer-aided tomography (CAT) in the diagnosis of stenoses of the trachea and the main bronchi was found to be 95.83%, specificity 98.31%, and accuracy 93.87%. CAT is superior to other methods of investigation (common tomography, tracheobronchoscopy) in the detection of changes in the tracheobronchial walls and the tissues adjacent to the trachea and the main bronchi. CAT is particularly valuable for the diagnosis of the causes of compression stenosis. The method permits specification and recognition of the type of involvement in traumatic injuries (6 cases), tracheoesophageal fistulae (6 cases), post-tuberculous processes (3 cases). CAT examinations are truly valuable in the diagnosis of osteoplastic tracheobronchopathy (3 cases), some other rare diseases (tracheobronchomegaly--1 case, scleroma--1 case, amyloidosis--2 cases). The authors recommend the optimal algorithm of examinations of patients with diseases of the upper portions of the tracheobronchial tree: roentgenoscopy--roentgenography--CAT--tracheobronchoscopy.

A total of 104 patients with tumors of the upper portions of the tracheobronchial tree were examined. The tumors were malignant in 66 cases (53 primary and 13 secondary ones) and benign in 38 cases. The sensitivity of CT in the diagnosis of blastomas of the trachea and the main bronchi made up 96.12%, specificity 86.15%, and accuracy 91.6%. CT permitted the detection of the tumor, specification of its site and size, definition of its contour, imaging of a non-transparent portion and of relationships with the adjacent organs and tissues, assessment of the status of the walls (by detecting dense, thickened, or deformed sites) and regional lymph nodes.

Results of treatment of 295 patients are presented. Among them there were 128 patients with diffuse purulent peritonitis, 109 with acute pancreatitis and 58 with destructive cholecystitis. In the complex treatment extracorporeal methods of detoxication therapy were included: plasmapheresis, hemo- or lymphosorption, perfusion ofautologous blood through the xenogenous spleen. Indications to each of the methods are considered. It was found that when using the therapy in question clinical symptoms of endotoxicosis were eliminated 1.5 times quicker and the leukocytic intoxication index was corrected more successfully as well as was the level of toxins of middle molecular mass, functional activity of blood neutrophils, immune link of homeostasis and ++cardio-hemodynamic parameters.

Computed tomography (CT) was used to study 56 and 4 patients with primary and secondary cardiac blastomas, respectively. CT allows differentiation between a racemose and dense endocardial tumor, localization of myxoma pedicle, recording its prolapse into the adjacent chamber, identification of extra-, intracardiac and intramyocardial tumor growth as well as changes in adjacent vessels. CT image of cardiac myxoma is similar to a filling defect of diminished density, that of extra-endocardial tumors display polymorphism. Blastomatous invasion of the heart is characterized by blurring of cardiovascular elements boundaries, pericardial thickening and fluid accumulation. CT is advocated as a new, noninvasive and highly efficient diagnostic modality in cardiac tumors.

Under analysis are data concerned with 21 patients with pyo-septic processes developed against the background of diabetes mellitus. The complex treatment included plasmapheresis. Its efficiency was estimated by the character of elimination of clinico-laboratory symptoms of endotoxemia, degree of correction of blood sugar, nonspecific resistance of the organism and cellular link of immunity. It was established that in most patients discrete plasmapheresis was 1,5-2 times quicker in elimination of intoxication and resulted in successful correction of the leukocyte index of intoxication, blood sugar and alterations in the system of immune homeostasis.

Results of the treatment of 130 patients with chronic non-specific infiltrations were analyzed. Different methods of the conservative and surgical treatment are described with special reference to immediate and late results. Indications for each of them are considered. Rational preoperative management and correct choice of the operation volume are thought to be responsible for success of the treatment.

On the basis of an analysis of results of treatment of 26 patients with acute cholecystitis complicated by mechanical jaundice it was shown that plasmapheresis associated with generally accepted therapy was an effective method of detoxicating treatment. With the help of plasmapheresis these patients were prepared for operation in shorter terms and the operation was performed under more favorable conditions.

An analysis of 534 patients has shown that laparoscopy is a method of high diagnostic informative value. The correct diagnosis was made in 515 patients (96.4%). Diagnostic errors were noted in 19 patients (3.6%). The greatest problems appeared in diagnosing thrombosis of mesenterial vessels and acute appendicitis in cases with the retrocecal disposition of the vermiform process. Surgical operations under control of a laparoscope were fulfilled by strict indications. Good immediate results were obtained in 81.9% of the patients.

A complex examination of 76 patients subjected to choledochoduodenostomy has shown that unsatisfactory results of the operation were due to various pathological alterations of anatomical structures and the created anastomosis. The state of distal parts of the cholangiopancreatic system should be necessarily studied by means of endoscopic pancreaticocholangiography when investigating the reasons of unsatisfactory results of choledochoduodenostomy.

The author has analysed results of rentgenological, endoscopic and immunological methods of examination of 84 patients with chronic non-specific infiltrations in the abdominal cavity. A conclusion is made that roentgenological examination, laparoscopy and reaction of complement fixation with the infiltrate tissue antigen is very informative. Diagnostic errors were made in 18 patients.

An analysis of the surgical treatment of acute arterial trombosis of the extremities in 86 patients is presented. The causes of thrombosis were mainly obliterating atherosclerosis, artery trauma and postembolic occlusion. Best results of reconstructive operations were obtained in patients with postembolic occlusion of the arteries and their posttraumatic trombosis, worst results - in obliterating atherosclerosis. Thrombendarterectomy and autovenous shunts and prostheses were found to be the mos effective reconstructive operations.

Data concerning the studies on autoimmune processes in 110 cases of inflammatory "tumors" of the abdomen and its anterior wall are set forth in this article. With this goal, pathomorphological immunomorphological studies of inflammatory "tumors" specimens, a dynamic study of the reaction intensity of the complement fixation (RFC) with the tissue antigen and also the immunoglobuline serum level together with eosinophylic reaction of the organism were carried out. The dynamic study of the fixation of the complement reaction, immunoglobuline level and eosinophylic reaction of the body permits to make a more complete judgement on the degree of the pathological process activity and on the postoperative clinical course.