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Several approaches to development of systems for directed transport of drugs are illustrated by an example of thrombolytic therapy. Preparation and properties of enzyme derivatives with increased tropism to the thrombus material due to modification of enzymes by fibrinogen or specific antibodies are discussed. The data on directed transport of drugs under the action of the magnetic field and on the selective action of drugs on culture cells are also presented.

The culture of Staphylococcus aureus was administered intraperitoneally in a dose of LD30 to albino mice. The animals of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups were treated with lincomycin, chymotripsin and combination of lincomycin with chymotripsin respectively. The animals of the 4th group were used as control and were not subjected to the treatment with the drugs. A part of the animals from every group was killed on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and subsequent days and their organs were investigated microscopically and bacteriologically. It was found that staphylococci was isolated from the control mice during a 50-day period after inoculation. Complete liberation of the organs from the causative agent within 25 days from the beginning of the experiment was registered in the animals treated with lincomycin. Isolation of the staphylococci was over by the 27th day in the animals treated with chymotrypsin. Liberation of the organs from the causative agent by the 17th day was observed in the albino mice treated with the combination of lincomycin with chymotrypsin. The combined use of lincomycin with chymotrypsin proved to be most effective: no death was registered among the albino mice, the levels of the pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance in the pathogenic staphylococci decreased.

The use of proteolytic enzymes and ectericide in treatment of patients with suppurative processes yielded positive results. The duration of the treatment and terms of patients incapacity are shortened.

The anti-inflammatory effect of asperase was shown on models of protein, aerosil and formalin edemas. The effect was the same as that of trypsin and was more pronounced as compared with that of chymotrypsin. Intramuscular administration of asperase stimulated the growth of granulation tissue as well. Inhibition of the enzyme activity with respect to a high molecular protein (casein) had no influence on the manifestation of its anti-inflammatory effect.

The effect of intramuscular chimotripsin on the levels of methicillin and tetracycline administered respectively intramuscularly and orally was studied in patients with chronic pneumonia and in experimental rats. It was found that the dose of chimotripsin providing higher methicillin blood levels was many times lower than the enzyme doses providing analogous indices for the blood serum and organs of the rats. When the patients were treated with tetracycline and chimotripsin, increased blood levels of the antibiotic were observed. Administration of chimotripsin to the rats had no effect on tetracycline pharmacokinetics in the animals.

The effect of lincomycin, chymotrypsin and their combination on the blood count of the plaque-autoforming cells (PAFC) and immune adhesion (IA) of staphylococci was studied on mice with staphylococcal infection. The infected mice were divided into 4 groups: nontreated, lincomycin treated, chymotrypsin treated, and lincomycin + chymotrypsin treated. The doses of lincomycin and chymotrypsin were 150 and 2 mg/kg, respectively. The mice were decapitated by the 3rd, 7th, 14th or 21st day of the infection and treatment and the blood was collected for the count of the PAFC and IA. A decrease in the rate of IA with a simultaneous increase in the PAFC count was found in the untreated mice and the mice treated with lincomycin alone. The use of chymotrypsin and its combination with lincomycin stimulated IA and lowered the level of autosensibilization.

The method and results of applying ultrasonic aerosols in 485 patients, operated upon on abdominal organs, are presented. Ultrasonic aerosols were included in the complex of prophylactic and therapeutic measures in the postoperative period. Prophylactic measures were started immediately after patient's being returned from the operating room. Special attention was given to patients in whom ventilatory disturbances developed during anesthesia, to patients with obesity, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, pneumosclerosis and also those, who negated the rationality of prophylactic measures. The use of finely dispersed aerosols after the method suggested by the authors allowed a 6 times reduction in the incidence of pulmonary complications and more than twice shortening of the postoperative pneumonia course.

The results of the studies on the effect of chemotripsin on the antimicrobial activity of monomycin against laboratory cultures, such as Staph. aureus 209 P, E. coli M38 and Streptococcus zymogenes and 20 clinical strains isolated from patients with purulent peritonitis are presented. The studies were performed with the method of two-fold serial dilutions. It was found that chemotripsin decreased 3.2.10-2.6.10(5) times the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and the bactericidal concentration of monomycin. The presence of fibrin in the medium inhibited 4-128 times the antibacterial effect of monomycin. The potentiating effect of chemotripsin on monomycin could be explained by both a better "contact" of the antibiotic with the microbes and an direct increase in the antibiotic sensitivity of the microbial cells. Combination of monomycin with chemotripsin provided the use of decreased doses of the antibiotic. It is an effective means of overcoming the antibiotic resistance in pathogenic microbes.

The effect of leucomycin, chimotrypsin and their combination on the leucocyte phagocytic activity was studied on mice with experimental staphylococcal infection. Lincomycin and chimotrypsin were administered in doses of 150 and 2 mg/kg respectively. In the study of the leucocyte phagocytic activity it was found on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st days after the beginning of the animal infection and treatment that the experimental staphylococcal infection stimulated the non-specific phagocytosis. Lincomycin inhibited the leucocyte phagocytic activity. The use of chimotrypsin in the process of the staphylococcal infection treatment resulted in increased phagocytosis activity. The combined use of chimotrypsin and leucomycin decreased the inhibitory effect of the latter on phagocytosis.

The effect of lincomycin, chymotrypsin and their combinations on the plasmocytic reaction of the spleen and agglutinin titer in mice with experimental staphylococcal infection was studied. The infected mice were divided into 4 groups: the 1st group included untreated infected animals, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups consisted of the mice treated with lincomycin, chymotrypsin and their combinations respectively. Lincomycin and chymotrypsin were used in doses of 150 and 2 mg/kg respectively. By the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st day of the infection and treatment the animals were decapitated, th blood was collected for determination of the staphylococcal agglutinin titers in the serum, the spleens were removed for investigation of the plasmocytic reaction. It was shown that the treatment of the experimental staphylococcal infection with lincomycin resulted in decreased proliferation of the plasmatic cells and antibody formation. The use of chymotrypsin resulted in increased proliferation of the plasmatic cells and specific antibody titer. The use of chymotrypsin in conjunction with lincomycin lowered the suppressing effect of the latter on the above indices.