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The term "smart highway" refers to the way advanced technologies and smart systems are built into roads to make them safer, more efficient and more environment-friendly. Smart highways have sensors, cameras and other monitoring systems that collect and send information about traffic flow, weather and road hazards in real time. This information is subsequently processed and utilized to optimize traffic flow, enhance road safety and minimize congestion. Moreover, smart roads contain technologies such as charging stations for electric vehicles and intelligent lighting systems, which further improve their sustainability and efficiency. This paper provides a concise summary of the intelligent highway idea and illustrates the possible benefits of this unique approach to transportation infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The largest disruptive component of traffic management system is road transport. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) necessitate exact traffic forecast. However, transport departments continue to struggle to choose an ITS prediction method. A user must be able to appropriately utilize estimation model information. This paper covers contemporary estimation approaches, explains their fundamental concepts and evaluates different traffic estimation approaches for the benefit of decision makers. Each method is classified as Machine Learning (ML), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Deep Learning (DL) or hybrid algorithms. Many surveys are model or datadriven. This study is the first to examine traffic prediction using a variety of algorithmic and methodological approaches to key traffic parameters. Predictive evaluation of dependent variables is done and each algorithm's traffic characteristics are examined in chronological order. The application and effectiveness of each strategy are summarized, and the issues found by analysis are addressed by the review. Hybrid Computational Intelligence (CI)-ML and DL traffic prediction systems are found to be better than previous approaches. Open questions and future possibilities for DL and hybrid traffic prediction systems are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is advancing rapidly, and this has improved the efficiency of many businesses and industries, including the transportation industry. AI in transportation might minimize travel, lower emissions and make roadways safer. Some examples of AI technologies used in the transportation sector include: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Genetic Algorithms (GA), Simulated Annealing (SA), Artificial Immune System (AIS), Ant Colony Optimizer (ACO) and Bee Colony Optimizer (BCO). The paper explores how AI is being used to address some of the most pressing issues in transportation today, including traffic control and safety. The limitations of AI transport are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computerized image processing techniques are extremely useful in agriculture. The technology can help detect plant diseases and improve cultivation quality. The study examines the advantages and disadvantages of previous research on the subject. To find the most effective image processing methods for diagnosing plant diseases, cutting-edge techniques are examined. To find plant pathogens, many computerized image processing methods are used. This review compares the results and many different approaches to develop algorithms such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Deep Learning Neural Networks (DLNN), which are important in the detection and classification of leaf diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies the approaches to detecting, evaluating and categorizing plant diseases from digital images in the visible spectrum using appropriate processing techniques. Despite the fact that disease symptoms might appear anywhere on the plant, only approaches that looked at obvious symptoms in leaves and stems were examined. This was designed for various reasons: to keep the report short and because methods dealing with roots, seeds, and fruits have some unique characteristics that would necessitate a separate survey. The concepts chosen are organized into three categories based on their goal: detection, severity quantification and categorization. Each classification is further categorized based on the algorithm's primary technical solution. The paper also examines and contrasts the benefits and drawbacks of different prospective strategies. Image acquisition, image preprocessing, feature extraction and neural network-based categorization are a few of the techniques included. Researchers working on both vegetable pathology and pattern recognition can benefit from this study, which provides a detailed and accessible summary of this vital field of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bitcoin and Ethereum blockchains are exploding with data. While blockchain is becoming increasingly popular, the sheer volume of data obscures important concerns about safety, and privacy. Data analysis can aid in identifying problems and recommending possible solutions, and is also essential to make blockchain useful in a wide range of industries. The paper reviews the current state of research in four key areas: security, privacy, performance and price prediction, and compiles relevant literature. Finally, it predicts future trends and challenges in this field, which will serve as a roadmap for researchers. Blockchain data analysis will increasingly rely on Machine Learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]