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The study area, upper Gadilam River basin, is located in Vizhupuram district of Tamil Nadu. The number of energized wells in this area has increased manifold due to free supply of electric power until recently by the government of Tamil Nadu, which has resulted in a regional decline in groundwater piezometric heads in this water table aquifer. A hydrogeological study was carried out in the study area. This paper deals with aquifer parameters estimation based on the pumping test data generated in the field. Water level observations in the area indicated that aquifer has undergone less stress condition within the course of time from the yesteryears or early 1995 to June 2004. Transmissivity computed by Theis (1935) method ranges from 301.82 gpd/sq. ft at Ponniyandal to 19,910.14 gpd/sq. ft in Pallavadi towards south central part of the study area. The specific capacity has a range of 0.906 gpm/ft. of dd in Ponniyandal to 121.91 gpm/ft of dd at Kottaiyampalayam in the eastern central part of the study area. Groundwater level in the basin by rainfall recharge and hydrodynamic method is estimated as 69 million cu.m of recharge and 33 million cu. m of groundwater storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India's gig economy professionals often transition into successful startups, attracting seed funding for growth. Their success is attributed to their expertise, niche focus, market relevance, local insights, adaptability, innovation, networking, government support, scalable business models, and effective pitching skills. The journey from gig economy worker to startup success in India is marked by a blend of digital marketing acumen, adaptability, and understanding of local market dynamics. This study analyzes data from 232 freelancers who have applied for seed funding to have startups in Tamil Nadu, assessing their expectations and satisfaction levels. The study uses Confirmatory Factor Analysis, AVE, HTMT, and SEM to examine the relationships between digital marketing, seed financing, and freelancers' satisfaction. The study result shows that the freelancers are satisfied with their work as they get work flexibility and timing, and it is also found that when seed financing is made available to these freelancers, they could build their own startup and provide employment opportunity to others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Customer Retention Management (CRM) is perceived as a technique of banking companies to explore, retain and also increase the loyal customers in the competitive business era. This paper attempts to study the customers' perspectives on CRM practices of commercial banks in India. A sample of 421 respondents from both public and private sector banks of Sivagangai district in Tamil Nadu was selected for the study. The study reveals that customers' perception of CRM in banks does not vary with customers' age, sex, education, occupation, income level, the bank in which customers have an account, type of account maintained, and the period of customers' association with banks. The validity of the results have been tested statistically by applying techniques such as ANOVA, t-test and discriminant function analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper examines the applicability of talent measure sculpts for effective talent management in automobile industries and IT sector with special reference to Krishnagiri district in Tamil Nadu, India. In the primary data collected from the 100 respondents from automobile industry and IT service sector using factor analysis, seven important factors: (1) creativity and innovation; (2) leadership; (3) teamwork; (4) interpersonal sensitivity; (5) personal motivation; (6) association; and (7) team spirit, which constitute talent were found. It was also found applying nonparametric Mann-Whitney test that there is no significant difference between the opinion of automobile industry and IT service sector employees with regard to a set of factors that constitutes talent management. This study helps the company to retain the present talented workforce and stop them from quitting the organization. Critical talent has been defined and identified covering all staff-level positions and suggestions have been proposed in line with company's requirements and capabilities in order to select perfect and highly skilled employees for the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suppliers and dealers are two important stakeholders of any corporate organization, especially those dealing in products. The suppliers provide raw materials at the right time and right place every time and thus, help the organization to meet the customers' demands. The dealers, on the other hand, are the face of the organization before the prospective customers and act as an important channel of communication between the organization and the final consumers. It is for this reason that enlightened business organizations today, treat their suppliers and dealers as members of their extended business family and as equal and long-term partners in progress. In this paper, the authors have used the case study of a twowheeler automobile industry leader-TVS Motor Company Ltd., and attempted to describe their supplierand dealer-focussed initiatives. The data collection for the case has been done by the authors through personal interviews with top executives of the company and supplemented through other information available in the public domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land use/land cover mapping serves as a basic inventory of land resources throughout the world. Detecting and analyzing the quantitative changes along the earth's surface has become necessary and advantageous because it can result in proper planning, which would ultimately result in improvement in infrastructure development, and economic and industrial growth. This paper examines the changes in land use/land cover types in Tiruchirappalli city, Tamil Nadu from 1998-2006, using remote sensing technology and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The spatial and temporal changes of land use/land cover were analyzed through visual interpretation and image classification of IRS remote sensing data collected for years 1998, 2002 and 2006. The results of the study indicated an overall growth in built-up land by 80% over a span of eight years, with an incredible boost (58%) in development from 1998-2002. The area under agricultural wet land was found to have decreased from 3,776 ha to 2,689 ha, with an increase in agricultural dry land from 814 ha to 1,058 ha during this period, suggesting the wastage of land due to excessive use of fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-employment is widely viewed as an important engine of economic and employment growth. This study attempts to examine the entrepreneurial performance of units in terms of their size of investment, number of workers, level of production, etc. Results show that entrepreneurial performance variables are positively and significantly correlated in rural and urban units. An attempt has been made in this paper to highlight the problems faced by entrepreneurs and finding a way out of the problems through suitable government policies like liberalized credit policies, exemption in tax rates, setting up of an association, etc. The study emphasizes that there is a need to enhance awareness among entrepreneurs regarding utilization of services provided by supporting agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like agriculture, technological breakthrough took place in Indian sericulture after 1990s. The introduction of high yielding mulberry varieties such as V1 and S36 and silkworm races like CSR2 x CSR4 (bivoltine hybrids) and PM x CSR2 (crossbreed) have had a greater impact on productivity and quality of silk cocoon. This has helped to produce international grade silks (2A and 4A). Gobichettipalayam of Erode District and Udumalpet of Coimbatore District are the major bivoltine cocoon producing clusters in the State of Tamil Nadu. An attempt has been made in this paper to find out the impact of new technologies on income from sericulture. A field study was performed to estimate the costs and returns of two groups of farmers, viz., Group 1 (technology adopters) and Group 2 (technology non-adopters). The cost and benefit ratios were estimated to be 1:1.73 and 1:1.63 for Groups 1 and 2 farmers respectively. In general, in both the regions, the farmers possess entrepreneurial attitude and risk-taking nature. Moreover, returns from sericulture are higher than those of other agricultural crops. To overcome the major problems of marketing of cocoon and price instability, suitable policy measures, such as minimum support price for commercial cocoons is to be fixed in order to promote bivoltine cocoon production in the study regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an attempt has been made at Sweta sub basin, Kallar basin, Tamil Nadu, where sites for groundwater exploration have been demarcated applying geophysics and GIS technique using Arc GIS software. In this paper, the geophysical output was taken to GIS platform, where the point scoring of the individual theme followed by the final map was assessed to predict the water bearing formation. The total work is executed with the weighted rating analysis in GIS environment. Spatial and non-spatial data was analyzed in GIS in a quick and efficient way. The term 'geographic' in GIS refers to the locational attributes which define the spatial positioning of the piece of information on the face of the earth. The advent of digital computers with high data processing speed and the development of analytical tools in GIS have helped in handling geographically referenced data with ease and flexibility. Of late, computer-aided GIS has become a reality. Using of GIS in hydrogeology is only at its inception, but there have been cases of some successful applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The admissions into professional colleges in Tamil Nadu have become an art of mess with increasing number of engineering colleges in the state every year. At the beginning of every academic year, the candidates applying for the Tamil Nadu engineering college counseling, face a tough decision-making situation in choosing a college from above 350 available. This paper deals with the application of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for the selection of college in a region, based on different criteria from the students' and the parents' point of view. It involves an analysis prioritizing the engineering colleges taken into consideration, based on the AHP process, to aid the decision maker with a confident result. An extensive study over various issues concerning the college admissions was done. Five different criteria popular among the students were posed before them for evaluating five engineering colleges in the Chennai region. At the end of the synthesization done through T L Saaty's AHP process, the priority ranking of various colleges was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper attempts to study the nature and structure of the urban labor market in Coimbatore. It analyzes the determinants of earnings of the unorganized labor market in the engineering industry, studies the occupational mobility and its determinants, and ascertains the factors associated with social security of the workers. Two industries—foundry and pump—are chosen for the study, based on the number of units and employment of very large number of people. To make the study reliable, the sample size has been restricted to 10% in case of engineering units and 30% in the case of workers on a random basis. The sample constitutes 1,022 workers, of which 537 are from the foundry industry and the remaining 485 are from the pump industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transport industry is highly labor intensive. The success and failure of an enterprise largely depends upon the people who man the organization. The importance of people in an organization as a source of productivity was by and large ignored. But now, human resource plays a significant role in organizations. Accordingly, the present day transport industry is characterized by the employment of sophisticated technology and a great deal of reliance on human resources. The investment streams are directed in a logical proportion towards both technology and human resources. Sophistication in physical resources alone is meaningless if the competence of human resources is not increased to a desirable extent. The achievement of organizational goals is the result of interaction between physical resources and human resources. Without human resources, nothing can be achieved. Each and every activity calls for the interaction of human force, but the productivity of that factor alone in isolation in total productivity cannot be ascertained. The productivity of human resources, though cannot be accurately measured, cannot be ignored. So, the measurement of productivity is done on the basis of overall productivity. In this paper, the labor productivity of Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC) has been evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been a subject of debate whether the unorganised manufacturing sector in India has been marginalised with onset of the liberalisation and globalisation process. This paper attempts to find an answer to the issue keeping in mind that this sector is a very important part of the industrial fabric as it is a large provider of employment and contributes to the national income. The study states that the unorganised sector, in fact, is flourishing under the globalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural insurance is indispensable for the prosperity of farmers and policy instruments to deal with the perils present in agriculture. But the implementation of agriculture insurance largely depends on the farmers' attitude. This study assesses and tests the attitude of respondents toward agriculture insurance, and favorable factors and problems prevailing in implementing agriculture insurance. Sixty farmers were interviewed between April 2008 and August 2008. The farmers were selected by adopting convenient random sampling method. The collected data were analyzed with the help of percentage analysis and sign test. The study reveals that the farmers have good attitude toward agriculture insurance. Besides, they accept that certain favorable factors and stumbling blocks are prevalent in implementing agriculture insurance in Ambasamudram area. On the basis of the findings, the study suggests certain mechanism to boost up the share of agricultural income of Ambasamudram area at all levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater is an important source of water supply throughout the world. It is very essential for irrigation industries and domestic purposes. It is a good source of freshwater available on the earth. It is an important renewable resource having several inherent advantages over surface water. Its wide distribution, negligible evaporation loss and low risk of contamination are considered as important qualities. Fifty-seven groundwater samples were collected from the Singipuram river basin of Salem district from shallow bore wells and open wells to maintain uniformity, to asses the quality and its suitability for domestic and irrigation purposes. Geologically, charnockites and gneisses constitute the country rocks of the study area. The weathering of host rocks and agricultural activities play an important role in modifying the chemistry of groundwater. The quality of the groundwater in the southern part of the area is far from satisfactory and needs careful management. Five broad types have been identified, which are Ca-Cl, Ca-Na-Cl, Ca-Na-HCO3, Ca-Na-HCO3-Cl and Na-HCO3-Cl. The salinity of Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) and permeability index indicate that most of the groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]