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This paper analyzes and forecasts the contrasting conditions of real economy and stock market amid pandemic. Stock market is a place where public dealing takes place for issuing, buying, and selling of stocks in the form of facilitation of the transfer of funds from investors to firms. The main aim of the stock market is to assist firms in raising funds. In this paper, the stock market bubble of 2021 and various pull-push factors behind swelling of the stock market are vividly discussed. As it is known, bubble brings rapid rise in the prices of assets and is usually cyclical in nature. Recently, RBI has shown concern over stock market bubble in its financial report. The paper discusses India's stock market bubble 2021 and provides the reasons for the same: decentralization of firms from China, increase in the rate of vaccination, India's monetary and fiscal policy during the pandemic along with the welfare assistance provided to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to study and highlight the change in behavior of volatility of Indian stock market on the introduction of derivatives as a financial instrument, the announcement of union budget every year and the Lok Sabha (lower house of the Indian parliament) elections conducted during 1994-2012. Applying cointegration test between the S&P CNX Nifty and the FUTIDX index, it has been noticed that spot and futures markets are cointegrated with each other. Applying a dummy variable, TGARCH model, this paper aims to examine the impact of the above factors on the volatility of Nifty during the year 1994-2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the impact of new product announcements on the stock prices of announcing companies of the BSE 500 index. The paper analyzes a sample of 383 new product announcements for a period of 11 years. The authors have used the reliable CMIE's Prowess Database to collect the information regarding new product launches, announcements, approvals, unveils, etc. Traditional event study methodology is used in order to measure the abnormal stock market returns. The study found that there is a significant impact of the announcement of new products on the share prices and abnormal returns are generated on the event day. Also, t-test discloses that there is a significant difference between the pre and the post abnormal returns further emphasizing that there is an impact of the event on the abnormal returns. The means of the pre and post period reveals that the returns are positive for the pre period and negative for the post period. This emphasizes the fact that information is leaked to the market prior to the announcement and hence, abnormal returns are generated prior to the event day rather than the post abnormal return period. Therefore, the study concludes that new product announcements hold important information to the Indian stock market during the event and abnormal returns are generated on the event day and also, the returns are generated higher in the pre period than the post period of the event window. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted every industrial segment of the world. This paper analyzes the performance of various Nifty sectoral indices in India during the peak pandemic period. The main objective of the study is to analyze as to which industrial sector was the worst affected in India from March 2020 to May 2021. The major stock market sectoral indices have been used to check the performance of various industrial sectors. Descriptive research design has been applied on daily closing Nifty sectoral indices data. The results reveal that during the period of the study, the investors who had invested in metal, pharma and IT sectors received the maximum returns, while those who had invested in financial services, FMCG and private banks received the minimum returns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of the paper is to investigate whether and to what extent the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), India is integrated with the major mature markets in the US, UK, Germany and Japan. The dataset has been divided into: post Asian Crisis but before Euro Emerged (July 1997-January 2002); after Euro but before US Subprime Crisis (February 2002-November 2007); from the US Subprime Crisis before Modi's emergence as national leader (December 2007-April 2014); and after Modi's emergence (May 2014-July 2016). The study uses unit root test, Johansen-Juselius test, GARCH(p, q) model estimation, and Granger causality test for the purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stock markets use information to determine the intrinsic values of assets and stocks. Markets take time to assimilate information and use it efficiently. This paper attempts to analyze the intraday information usage and assimilation patterns in the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) using the Generalized Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) approach. Using more than 53,000 time series observations of the BSE Sensex, the paper has empirically tested the information usage and assimilation in the BSE and found that during very short intervals of five minutes, markets give preference to new information. The markets then increasingly assimilate existing information and take around half-hour to assimilate the information adequately. The markets then once again start seeking new information for decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using monthly data on money, short-term credit, foreign exchange, government securities, long-term debt, futures, and real estate market instruments' returns, the paper examines the financial-markets' integration (i.e., long-term relationship or cointegration) within and across the markets in India for the sample period April 2006 to March 2020 by employing the autoregressive distributed lag methodology. In terms of within the markets, the study found that there exists financial integration only in money, short-term, government and forex markets. On the other hand, in terms of across the markets, it is found that all the money market and short-term credit market instruments other than IMF lending rate and bank rate are cointegrated with government securities, long-term debt, futures, foreign exchange and real estate markets. Equity market is cointegrated only with money, short-term credit and futures markets. Similarly, 10-year government security is cointegrated with money, shortterm credit and forex markets. The equity futures market is cointegrated with money, short-term credit and long-term debt markets only, while the corporate bond market is cointegrated with all the markets other than futures. On the other hand, neither the commodity futures market nor the real-estate market is cointegrated with any other markets. The equilibrium adjustment speed is not uniform across the markets and in general it is lower within the markets compared to across the markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the feasibility of rainfall risk market in India. Perceptional studies on feasibility of creation of rainfall risk market are essential to understand the ecosystem of our capital markets to design, develop and trade rainfall-risk products like rainfall futures and options. The study is exploratory in nature because no research has been done on the feasibility of rainfall risk market based on stakeholders'/experts' perceptions. It is based on the primary data collected through a structured questionnaire and circulated among the selected sample of 208 respondents. The respondents are academicians, executives working in insurance/reinsurance companies, professionals working in commodity/stock exchange, stockbroking, and practicing CA/CMA/CS/CFA professionals. The findings indicate that there exists scope for creating rainfall risk markets in India. However, creating awareness amongst the stakeholders is a prerequisite for creation of such markets. The results of the study are likely to chart a road map that lays down a clear path for design and development of rainfall risk markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Human Resource (HR) disclosure in annual report is voluntary in nature in India. Therefore, it creates inconsistency in the HR disclosure practices across companies as well as industries. The purpose of the present paper is to look at the nature and level of HR disclosure and study the effect of company characteristics on HR disclosure in annual reports of public sector companies in India. This research is motivated by the dearth of studies on HR disclosure among companies in developing countries. Initially, an 86-item Human Resource Disclosure Index (HRDI) has been constructed for a set of 500 companies listed on National Stock Exchange. From that point onward, the effect of various explanatory variables on HRDI is analyzed. Finally, HRDI has been regressed against the independent variables to find the important elements of HRDI. The outcomes of the descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multivariate analysis reveal that the total number of pages of annual report is positively associated with HR disclosure. Company size and profitability are partly associated, while other variables like leverage, ownership concentration, liquidity and globalization have no association with HR disclosure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the effectiveness of technical trading strategies and examine the extent to which trading profitability using technical analysis indicators explains the 'risk premium' or 'risk compensation' for investing in equity markets as against assets that are relatively risk-free using multiple regression analysis. The technical indicators selected for the analysis are Bollinger bands (volatility indicator), moving average (trend indicator), Relative Strength Index (momentum indicator), and Elliot wave theory (mass psychology indicator). The paper finds evidence for risk premium being explained by technical indicators. The technical trading strategy based on trend, momentum, volatility indicators, including the Elliot wave theory has the ability to explain the excess return of a stock. The findings have important implications for traders and practitioners. A positive relationship implies that technical indicators can be explored while evaluating strategies for investment. So, it suggests that traders, retail investors and fund managers, while evaluating portfolios, can rely on technical indicators-based trading strategies other than fundamental analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dividend policy contributes significantly to the company's performance as well as its survival and growth. Formulation of such policy is a challenging task to the firm as it conveys positive signal about the company to its investors. In India, the impact of dividend announcement has been examined extensively, but its impact on the service sector companies is relatively unobserved. The purpose of this study is to conduct a detailed and systematic review of dividend announcement and analyze the effect of dividend announcement on stock prices of the service providing companies listed on National Stock Exchange of India. The study employs the event study methodology with an event window of 31 days. The study is carried out for a period ranging from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019. The findings of the study revealed that the stock prices react towards the dividend announcement event of the companies and thus there is a significant impact of dividend announcement on the stock prices during the event window which led to generation of abnormal returns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between BSE Sensex and three other developed markets in the frequency domain. Cross-spectral methods, which are important in discovering and interpreting the relationships between economic variables, are used to analyze the relationships between different price series. Cross-spectral methods, developed using Fourier techniques, give valuable information regarding the correlation structure in the frequency domain. This paper applies these methods to study the lead-lag relationship between BSE Sensex and other international markets. The results show no significant co-movement of Indian stock prices with developed market prices at lower frequencies; and in the long run, the developed stock markets seem to lead Indian market. However, in the short run, some evidence of behavioral similarities is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper empirically examines the short-run as well as long-run relationship of the Indian stock market with the major developed markets of the world during the period 2005-13. The objective of the analysis is to decide whether the financial recession of 2008 offers better diversification benefits to global investors through equity investments in India. The empirical results of Granger causality test find causality from the developed markets to the Indian market in the short run during pre- and post-crisis days. However, Johansen's cointegration methodology fails to provide evidence of price integration among markets after recession and now the long run price movement in the Indian stock market is not driven by factors common to other markets. These findings confirm further possibilities of diversification to global investors through their equity investments in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the volatility pattern in Indian stock markets during the time period January 1, 2011 to March 31, 2014 using the daily closing prices of two stock indices, S&P BSE Sensex and CNX Nifty. This paper uses asymmetric GARCH models like Exponential GARCH (EGARCH) and Threshold GARCH (TGARCH) to explain the volatility. Considering the minimum values of Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), TGARCH model is found to be a superior model for return volatility over EGARCH. The findings suggest that there is no volatility persistence as well as leverage effect in the data during the period under consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial scams have become common in India. Indian stock markets have been witnessing the occurrences of financial scams and investors losing out money due to the scam's impact. This bad investment experience of financial fraud in the stock market creates a negative notion amongst investors and discourages them from investing in stock markets. This research paper tries to understand, interpret, and explore the investors' reactions towards financial scams of the companies in which they have invested and how those past experiences of monetary loss in financial scams have affected their future investment choices. A systematic review of existing literature was conducted to make an in-depth analysis of the mind space of investors who have lost their savings and investments and to understand their mindset post the financial scams. The analysis subsequently helped acknowledge that the investors have reacted to the financial scams. The reactions have negatively impacted the percentage of money invested in shares and stock markets, which is in turn affecting the stock market capitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stock market volatility has always been an area of concern for market participants and policy regulators. Through this paper, an attempt has been made to model the volatility in the Indian equity market by employing the standard GARCH(1, 1) model. The paper also investigates whether the volatility on NSE has changed after the introduction of Volatility Index (India VIX) through the GARCH(1, 1) model with a dummy. Accordingly, the period of study for measuring the volatility has been split into two, i.e., the pre-IVIX introduction period (January 1, 2000 to October 31, 2007) and the post-IVIX introduction period (November 1, 2007 to August 31, 2016). The results of GARCH(1, 1) model with a dummy reveal that the volatility of the spot market has declined after the introduction of IVIX in India. In addition, the results of standard GARCH(1, 1) models provide evidence that recent news has a greater impact on the spot market changes in the post-IVIX introduction period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A private company uses Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) to raise equity capital from the public who in turn become shareholders of the company after listing of its equity shares in the stock exchanges. IPOs have become very popular worldwide. Post-listing, the public shareholders get an opportunity to cash-in on the listing gains (typically in the short-term) or continue to be a part of the company's growth story (in the long-term). Typically, such investment decisions are based on the investors' returns expectations in the short and long-term, given the risk appetite. To analyze these critical aspects, several research studies have been undertaken globally. The extant literature suggests that the IPOs generally perform poorly in the long-term but offer good short-term returns. The purpose of this paper is to study the short-term performance of 117 IPOs issued for subscription in India during 2009-2013 by way of Market Abnormal Excess Returns (MAER) and identify the factors which affect their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this paper is to develop a family of GARCH models, combining them with popular Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) models, which can capture the high nonlinear relationships between past return innovations and conditional variance, which is overlooked by standard GARCH models. The next objective is to apply Markov Switching GARCH model and see the differences in the predictive accuracy (according to AIC and BIG criteria and in two viewpoints: MSB and MAD) between the standard GARCH models, GJRGARCH model, RNN-GARCH models and Markov Switching GARCH model by comparing their out-of-sample forecasts. The dataset consists of a series of daily returns obtained from the National Stock Exchange (NSE) for the Indian Equity Markets. The results indicated that the proposed RNN-GARCH model and RNN-Markov Switching models are accurate and quick prediction methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to determine the relationship between inflation rate and stock price indices (NSE Nifty). The duration of the study is from January 1, 2008 to March 31, 2019. The data is analyzed for cointegration and causality by using Johansen cointegration test, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Granger causality test. For determining the relationship between the variables, Pearson correlation test has been used. The ADF test results show that the variables are non-stationary at level and are integrated of order one. The correlation results show a negative relationship between stock market indices and inflation rate in India. Johansen cointegration test results indicate cointegration between the variables. The Granger causality test shows that inflation rate does not affect the stock market indices, and stock market indices are not affected by the inflation rate. The VECM model and Wald test results show that there is no long run and short run causality between the variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algorithmic trading has made a paradigm shift in Indian stock market. Popularity of algorithmic trading is gaining momentum among Indian traders and investors due to technological advancement. The objective of this paper is to apply Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) to develop a hierarchical structure among the key barriers of algorithmic trading in India. 11 barriers have been identified through the literature review which are then validated for significance, using a structured questionnaire, from the experts. ISM approach has been utilized to rank the barriers and analyze their mutual interactions. Subsequently, MICMAC analysis was conducted to reveal dependence and driving power of these barriers. MICMAC analysis also elicits the relative importance and interdependence between these barriers from the Indian context. A list of relevant barriers significantly helps the practitioners to take right decision while adopting algorithmic trading. The study has importance in the Indian context due to scarcity of research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an attempt to examine the presence of herd behavior in the stock market of India, which is one of the emerging economies of the world. The study uses the measures suggested by Christie and Huang (1995) and Chang et al. (2000) on National Stock Exchange data. Empirical results based on daily and monthly data indicate that during periods of extreme price movements, equity return dispersions tend to increase rather than decrease, thus providing evidence against the presence of herding in the Indian stock market for the years 2000-2012. Owing to reforms in Indian stock market and the increased presence of institutional players, investors' behavior seems to be more rational, facilitating the application of rational pricing models in the Indian stock markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes into account a set of risky stocks from the Indian equity market with a view to constructing efficient frontiers and examining the optimal portfolio behavior under various constraints. The paper uses Sensex 30 stocks daily prices along with daily BSE Sensex index price data as market benchmark for 10 years starting from 2006 in constructing and optimizing portfolio with the minimum variance and maximum return under different constraints. The paper makes an attempt to identify the efficient frontiers by estimating the average return of the portfolio and iteratively minimizing the standard deviation or risk of the portfolio to the minimum possible level. It is observed that the efficient frontiers shift towards left as constraints are relaxed in its formation. So, according to the study, the most constrained efficient frontier is the one with value-at-risk at 95% and short sales not allowed. The most relaxed efficient frontier is the one with short sales allowed, as it is to the leftmost position in the combined graph created, as shifting of the efficient frontier to the left in the return-risk graph means same returns for lower levels of risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper applies machine learning tools in pairs trading. Three different algorithms, namely, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), have been used for predictive modeling of the value of the ratio of share prices of pairs of companies. The study considers nine different independent variables/features for forecasting. The analytical framework combines the mean reverting property of the movement of a pair of prices along with technical indicators. We also use feature selection algorithms for justification of the nine independent variables. The results support our methodology and also selection of the features for prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper empirically investigates the behavior of stock returns of two premier stock markets in India, namely, the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE). Specifically, the paper seeks to examine whether the security returns in these two markets follow Random Walk Hypothesis (RWH). Towards this end, data on major indexes during the period June 2, 1997 to February 29, 2009 are analyzed using variance ratio and autocorrelation tests. The results are inconclusive as both the tests provide mixed results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate events have numerous effects on the stock market, as found by several research studies in the world. In this regard, the aim of this paper is to test the semi-strong form of efficiency in the Indian equity market, following an event study approach. The events considered in this paper are bonus issues and stock splits that took place in the market from 1996 to 2008. These events are tested for abnormal returns and liquidity. The data selected is free from the impact of confounding events. -30 to +30 days investigation window is taken for all the events to test the abnormal returns and the change in liquidity. The results suggest that the Indian market reacts to the stock split announcements but not to bonus issues, and the change in liquidity is significant for stock splits at 1% significance level, whereas with 5% level of significance both bonus issues and stock splits show significant change in liquidity from pre- to post-event period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial derivatives, from the economic point of view, are cash flows that are conditionally stochastic and discounted to present value. The market risk inherent in the underlying asset is attached to the financial derivatives through contractual agreements and hence can be traded separately. In the last decade, the derivatives market in India has grown astronomically. This paper analyzes whether the growth of the derivatives segment has overtaken the cash market in National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). The paper also analyzes the Pearson's correlation between the Turnover (T/O) of BSE cash segment and derivatives segment, stock futures, index futures, index call options and index put options, stock call options and stock put options. The results reveal that derivatives do indeed facilitate transfer of risk and that this segment has gradually overtaken the cash segment in terms of T/O and that there is a correlation between the above-mentioned parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper attempts to explain the association between Foreign Institutional Investor (FII) flows to Indian equity markets and option implied Volatility Index (VIX). Prior studies involving the relationship between FII flows and realized volatility provide contradictory findings and are largely inconclusive. Little empirical work is found to explain the relationship between FII flow and expected volatility as measured by the option implied VIX. We find evidence that India VIX does not have any influence on FII flows to Indian equity markets. Instead, there is evidence of significant reverse causality. The results indicate that the collective perception in the minds of investors about future volatility is fueled by FII flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While most traditional science deals with supposedly predictable phenomena like gravity, electricity, or chemical reactions, Chaos Theory deals with nonlinear things that are effectively impossible to predict or control, like turbulence, weather, the stock market, our brain states, and so on. Hence, such processes focus on non-randomness, nonlinearity and chaotic characteristics. In recent times, such nonlinear dynamics and chaotic dynamics have augmented in the field of financial analysis. This paper studies the extent to which the daily return data from the Indian Stock Exchange indices (Nifty and Sensex) exhibit these nonlinear, non-random characteristics. The Hurst exponent in rescaled range analysis rejects the hypothesis that the index return series are random, independent and identically distributed. The BDS test provides evidence for nonlinearity. The results confirm the existence of fractal structure (i.e., selfsimilarity across different scales) in Nifty and Sensex. Basing on these results, technical analysis theory, i.e., Elliot Wave Theory, can also be justifiable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equity has always remained an instrument of long-term wealth creation. India being a developing nation with low average age group and rising per capita income, investment in equity may provide a significant wealth creation opportunity, provided Equity Risk Premium (ERP) is significant enough. ERP also helps in identifying the cost of equity and cost of capital of the business, and hence provides valuable insights for project appraisal decisions. This paper answers the question, "Is the ERP offered by Indian stock market justifiable?" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volatility forecasting is an important area of research in financial markets and immense effort has been expended in improving volatility models since better forecasts translate themselves into better pricing of options and better risk management. In this direction, the present paper attempts to model and forecast the volatility (conditional variance) of the S&P CNX Nifty index returns of Indian stock market, using daily data for the period from January 1, 1996 to January 29, 2010. The forecasting models that are considered in this study range from the simple GARCH(1, 1) model to relatively complex GARCH models, including the Exponential GARCH(1, 1) and Threshold GARCH(1, 1) models. Based on out-of-sample forecasts and a majority of evaluation measures, the results show that the asymmetric GARCH models do perform better in forecasting conditional variance of the Nifty returns rather than the symmetric GARCH model, confirming the presence of leverage effect. The findings are consistent with those of Banerjee and Sarkar (2006) that relatively asymmetric GARCH models are superior in forecasting the conditional variance of Indian stock market returns rather than the parsimonious symmetric GARCH models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the financing pattern of private corporate sector in India. Several studies in the last three decades have increasingly emphasized the role of finance in influencing investment activities of firms. In India, the state had actively fostered the development of financial system till the 1980s, though it favored bank-based system. With the ushering in of financial sector reforms since the early 1990s, the emphasis on equity market has gone up. This paper finds that while corporate sector relied more on bank/institution sources of funding till the early 1990s, its reliance on equity market has gone up since then. The paper ends with a discussion on the implications of such changing financing pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper applies multi-criteria decision making algorithms to arrive at the financial health of commercial banks in India, both in the public sector and the private sector. The various performance parameters considered arise out of the Basel guidelines, and we feel that our study will facilitate the regulator in monitoring the performance of banks over time. We also investigate whether the stock market has taken cognizance of these regulatory variables and valued banks accordingly. Our results indicate that while relative performance of private sector banks has not undergone much change, some public sector banks have improved over time. The results also reveal that the stock market does not attach much importance to these regulatory variables in the valuation of banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of integration is studied in two time frames: short-term and long-term. The focus of this paper is to evaluate the short-term integration dynamics of stock exchanges of India (Bombay Stock Exchange - BSE) and China (Shanghai Stock Exchange - SSE) with US (S&P500) and Europe (FTSE100). Granger Causality Test was used to identify the direction of causality, and impulse response was used to identify the effect of shocks from one market to the other markets. The outputs suggest that BSE Granger-causes FTSE100 and S&P500. But SSE does not Granger-cause S&P500 and FTSE100. This result contradicts the findings of the prior research (Janak Raj and Sarat, 2008), which suggest that Indian stock markets do not Granger-cause US, European and other developed markets. The impulse response of S& P500 to BSE suggests that any shocks from BSE to S&P500 survive for a period of two days. This study would help portfolio managers and investors to view diversification from a new perspective and take advantage of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines both the linear and nonlinear causal relationship between crude oil price changes and stock market returns in India. In particular, the study applies alternative unit root tests with and without structural break to ascertain the shifts in crude oil price changes and stock market returns for the period 1991:01 to 2013:08. The linear and nonlinear causality tests are conducted using the standard Vector Autoregression (VAR) and the Diks and Panchenko (2006) frameworks respectively. The results from the unit root tests indicate that crude oil price changes and stock market returns are stationary. The results from the standard VAR model provide evidence of unidirectional causality from stock returns to crude oil price changes. The results of the Diks-Panchenko causality test, however, support nonlinear bidirectional causality between the two variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify the critical corporate fundamental factors that have a significant effect on stock price movements as mirrored by two leading stock indices, Sensex and Nifty, which in turn have an influence on the entire market movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the causal relationship between stock market indices and gold price in India. The monthly time series data for Mumbai gold prices and three stock market indices, viz., Sensex, BSE 100 and S&P CNX Nifty, are used for the period January 1991 to December 2011. By applying Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality test in Error Correction Model framework, the study concludes that all series are I(1)and there exists a long-run equilibrium relation between all the variables. The study also provides evidence that the Granger causality runs from gold price to Nifty only. Hence, gold price contains some significant information to forecast Nifty return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between the returns volatility, volume and open interest of the futures market. Both volume and open interest are broken down into their respective expected and unexpected components to understand as to which is able to explain the volatility. The study is conducted on daily closing index futures prices, volume and open interest for the near-month contract of the Nifty Futures Index on National Stock Exchange (NSE). GARCH-type models are used to model the volatility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Derivatives trading is always at the center of discussion in any financial phenomenon. It has been discussed, argued and defended in many forms as to how the derivatives trading has brought distress and crisis in financial market. While a few derivatives disaster stories were enough to bring the entire business of derivatives under the limelight and make every one worry about unknown risks associated with derivatives, it has gained popularity as a measure of risk mitigation too. This paper explores the impact of futures trading of Bank Nifty Index on the underlying cash market of the sectoral index of Bank Nifty. This is an attempt to study how the onset of futures trading has affected that particular industry in terms of inducing or stabilizing volatility in the spot market. Moreover, the informational efficiency and market integration of the spot market have also been analyzed as a result of futures trading in that segment. GARCH model with futures dummy has been used to analyze the impact of futures trading on spot Bank Nifty Index volatility during the period 2000 to 2013. Two separate GARCH models have been fitted in the pre- and post-futures period to examine the relationship between new information release and spot market volatility following the onset of futures trading. The study has shown that over the time, index futures trading improved the overall performance of the spot market of banking sector by providing better exposure to global factors, by quicker information assimilation, and by reducing the persistence of volatility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper examines the price behavior of equity shares of companies that indulge in insider trading of their securities. Further, it also analyzes whether reporting delays and industry differences have any impact on the magnitude of abnormal returns. A sample of 1,101 insider transactions by insiders of Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) listed companies for the period April 1, 2009-March 31, 2013 has been utilized for analysis purpose, which includes 524 buy transactions and 577 sell transactions. The impact of insider transactions on share prices is ascertained by examining the abnormal returns on the date of transaction by using the market model. The findings of the study reveal that insiders are able to earn abnormal returns during one month post the event, whereas in the long run, the profits almost disappear. Time duration of reporting trades to stock exchange and industry differences impact the direction and magnitude of stock market returns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial personality assessment aspect is nothing but the behavioral map of the client and their attitude towards wealth creation. The risk profiling or assessment of risk tolerance aims at giving feedback to the financial advisors about the nature of the client with respect to their financial risktaking capacity. Financial risk tolerance is the degree of volatility in returns that an investor is willing to bear for his investment. Risk tolerance is volatile utility whose value cannot be measured quantitatively, but whose representation is of great importance to financial advisors to identify the risk-taking ability of their clients by analyzing it and to help choose proper financial products. This study is designed to analyze the risk profile of investors based on their risk-taking abilities. The findings of the study indicate that financial risk tolerance has relation with the education level, age, marital status, number of dependants, tax benefit associated with financial product and loan structure, but is not related to gender, income level and insurance coverage of the client. The paper identifies the need for increased effort towards investor education with regard to financial system to increase the level of risk tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, many publicly traded companies have started using Internet as a new channel to inform current and potential investors about their performance, which has resulted in firm benefits such as enhanced market exposure, increased analyst coverage and institutional following. This paper investigates the extent to which Indian listed companies use the Internet for Investor Relations (IR) purposes. To achieve this goal, a website investigation of the 50 Indian companies listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and which constitute a part of S&P CNX Nifty is carried out. The objective of the paper is to identify the stage Indian listed companies are in as regards the Internet usage for disclosing information to their investors. To fulfill the same, the websites of select 50 companies have been extensively studied and analyzed on six broad premises, namely, website content, navigation, usage of multimedia devices, site interactivity, timeliness and regulatory entanglement issues. The results suggest that Indian companies have been able to take only partial advantage of Internet and have badly failed in fulfilling the parameters pertaining to usage of multimedia devices and interactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, private equity has emerged as an important destination for investments in India. This paper examines the effect of private equity placements on shareholder value, changes in liquidity and changes in ownership structure around the announcement of private equity deals. We find that the Indian stock market reacts positively to private equity transactions. The trading volume decreases after the private equity deal; the number of trades and turnover improve after the deal but market capitalization does not increase. There is also a dilution of promoters' shareholdings after the deal. An analysis of cross-sectional abnormal returns shows that there is a negative relation between growth opportunities and abnormal returns, confirming that private equity announcements have no impact on the growth opportunities of a firm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an attempt to study the fiscal performance of Orissa using composite index model. Constructing the Orissa composite fiscal performance index for a study period 1990-91 to 2008-09, it is observed that, the best performance year for the state was 1990-91 and worst performance year was 2001-02. The performance has deteriorated from 1990-91 to 2001-02 but after 2001-02 the state started to recover and is observed to be performing well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the spread of banking as part of infrastructural growth of the Indian economy. Spread means geographical spread across states, between rural and urban areas, across class of borrowers and industries. It is important to evaluate whether the objective of financial inclusion in some sense is being met. How the Indian banking sector is perceived by the market and whether there has been a change in this perception is also examined. The Indian banking sector may be pursuing its own real objectives and may be achieving a lot. The question is: Does the stock market also feel so? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the relevance of stock options open interest in conveying information about the future price movements in the underlying stocks. This investigation has been carried out by using daily closing data of 26 stocks in the National Stock Exchange (NSE) derivatives segment for the period May 2007 to October 2008. The result proves that stock options open interest does contain valuable information about future price movements in the underlying stocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of changes in market structure on market quality through security speed of adjustment coefficients, by employing ARMA model. The average result of cross-section of companies did not show any systematic pattern in terms of persistent underreaction or overreaction. The study did not find significant difference in the speed of adjustment of small and large capitalization stocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) or converged Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) and its implications are imperative for Indian companies. India has decided to converge with IFRS, which means that India will have its own converged standards in line with the IFRS. On January 2, 2015, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs notified (PIB, 2015) that Ind AS would be mandatorily applicable for accounting period ending March 31, 2016 for companies falling under certain classifications. It is expected that once these are implemented, it will have a significant impact on financial statements. The convergence of IFRS will benefit Indian companies as they would be comparable to the peers internationally, which in turn would lead to a greater equity and debt participation by international players, thus making funding easier and cheaper. This paper focuses on two key issues: Are financial statements prepared using the two different standards significantly different? And, is there an increase in equity participation of foreign investors in Indian companies which have adopted IFRS? Companies covered in the study report financial statements as per two accounting standards because they are listed on Indian stock exchange and NASDAQ. Since these Indian companies have dual listing (India and international), on Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), they report as per Indian GAAP, and as these companies are listed on NASDAQ, they need to prepare financial statement using IFRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seasonality in stock markets is a regular and repetitive phenomenon occurring at some regular intervals of time, which may generate abnormal or excess returns. This paper explores the existence of seasonality in Indian stock market in four forms, namely, day-of-the-week effect, month-of-the-year effect, quarterly effects, and monthly effects. For this purpose, S&P CNX Nifty was taken as the sample. The daily closing, opening, high and low prices were collected from November 3, 1995 to May 31, 2013. ADF test was used for checking stationarity, whereas a dummy variable regression was used for testing seasonality. It was found that all the four effects are present in the Indian stock market. The returns of September, Monday, first quarter and first-half of the month were significantly different. Thus the existence of seasonality in Indian stock markets was proved. All the four effects tested for Nifty indicate that seasonality has changed over the years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empirical studies show that as economies progress, the structure of the financial system also changes. The aim of this study, covering the period 1991 to 2019, in the context of India, is to analyze the structural changes in the financial system and its relationship with economic growth. Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at factor cost is taken as the proxy for economic growth. Credit extended by banks is taken as a variable for bank-based financial development. For market-based financial development, four variables are considered, namely, Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) market cap, BSE equity turnover, Assets Under Management (AUM) of mutual funds and funds mobilized through Initial Public Offers (IPO). In addition, four control variables are considered: government expenditure, exports, call rate and World GDP (WGDP) growth rate. Six Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) models are estimated for capturing the short- and long-run relationships. The findings of the study reveal both short- and long-run association of economic growth with market capitalization, government expenditure, call rate and world growth rate. Bank credit has a long-run causal relationship with economic growth. The findings highlight the role of bank credit and of financial development in the long-run economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate governance stands for responsible business management geared towards long-term value creation. Prior research found significant relationship between asset composition (tangible versus intangible assets) and corporate governance disclosure practices of firms. However, there is very little research in the current Indian context. Hence, this paper explores such a relationship for firms listed on the Indian stock market by considering a sample that includes firms from nine different sectors, viz., metal, oil and gas, power, IT, FMCG, capital goods, auto, consumer durables and healthcare. It applies Corporate Governance and Disclosure (CGD) index as a proxy for firm-specific rating of governance quality and calculates CGD scores of sample firms listed on Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). To identify intangible assets dominance in firms, the ratio of market value to book value and capital intensity of sample firms are calculated. Accordingly, firms are divided into tangible assets-dominated and intangible assets-dominated sectors. The findings reveal that there is no significant difference in the corporate governance and disclosure practices of firms across tangible asset- and intangible asset-dominated sectors. The research identifies several reasons why this proposition does not hold true for firms in the current economic environment of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]