Search

Languages interact with each other for cultural, economic, political, social, and religious reasons, among others. Although the direction of this exchange is mostly from the dominant culture to the sub-culture, a reverse exchange also happens. Language has the power to influence various communities regardless of the perception of a near or distant space because it is a means of communication. In this vein, it is known that there are borrowed words in the vocabularies of both extinct and living spoken and written languages in the world. It is clearly seen in vocabulary analyses that no language is free of borrowed words -- that is, a pure language. From this perspective, there can be interaction relations between languages X and Y, for example, and this interaction can be established through language Z or other languages. Within this framework, this study aims to analyze words in Tuvinian -- related to the Siberian group of Turkic languages -- borrowed from Persian. Although the existence of words borrowed from Persian in Turkic languages is known, it is rather remarkable that Tuvinian vocabulary also has data from the Persian language. The method used in this study comprised reviewing Etimologiçeskiy slovar' Tuvinskogo yazıka (Tom I-II-III-IV), Etimologiçeskiy slovar' tyurkskih yazıkov (Tom II), Tolkovıy slovar' Tuvinskogo yazıka (Tom I-II), and Tuvinsko-russkiy slovar', which contain language data pertaining to Tuvinian vocabulary, as well as indexing words of Persian origin in these works. As a result of this literature review, 24 words of Persian origin were identified in the Tuvinian language. This study further investigated whether these identified words of Persian origin were borrowed directly or through mediating languages, if any. In consequence, it was found that these words entered the Tuvinian language in the following ways: (a) Persian >> Mongolian languages >> Tuvinian language; (b) Persian >> Russian >> Tuvinian language; (c) Persian >> Russian >> Altai language >> Tuvinian language; (d) Persian >> Turkic languages >> Russian >> Tuvinian language; and (e) Persian >> ? >> Tuvinian language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]