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Dünyada ve ülkemizde oluşan iş kazaları incelendiği zaman, kazaların yaklaşık %88‘inin “tehlikeli hareket”, %10’unun “tehlikeli durum” ve %2’sinin de sebebi bilinmeyen durumlardan meydana geldiği görülmektedir. Güvenlik kültürü, tasarımda güvenlik, toplu veya kişisel koruyucu önlemler ile ilgili çalışmalar ülkemizde başlamış ama yeterli seviyeye getirilememiştir. Uzun vadede çalışmalarda, Avrupa standartlarına ulaşılsa dahi, tehlikeli hareketler ile ilgili kazalar, sistematik önlemler almadan yeterli seviyeye getirilemeyecektir. Bu sistemler çalışanların hatayı yapmayacak veya bazı hatalarını otomatik olarak durduracak şekilde tasarlanmalıdır. İş sağlığı ve güvenliği çalışmalarında dokunmatik sensörler, gaz sensörleri vb. birçok sensör farklı sektörlerde kullanılmaktadır. Ancak ülkemizde ikinci el makine kullanımı çok fazla olduğundan dolayı sensörler etkin olarak kullanılamamaktadır. Eskiden büyük maliyetli olan sensörler günümüz şartlarında çok daha uygun maliyetlerde imal edilmektedir. Çok hızlı şekilde gelişen teknoloji, bu tarz uygulamalara kolaylık sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca endüstri 4.0 ile beraber bu tip kullanımların yaygınlaşacağı öngörülmektedir. Bu çalışmada 5x5 L tipi matris yöntemiyle örnek bir vaka incelenerek iş sağlığı güvenliği değerlendirmeleri yapılmış, kaza sonrası yapılan risk analizinde sensörlerin kullanımıyla iş kazası oluşma ihtimali %75 oranında düşürülmüştür. Zaman içerisinde diğer preslerde ve benzeri makinelerde yapılan uygulamalar vasıtasıyla kazalar minimize edilmiştir.

When work accidents are examined in the world and in Turkey, about 88% of the accidents occur in "dangerous action" and 10% occur in "dangerous situation". Studies on safety culture, safety in design, collective or personal protective measures have started in our country, but they have not been brought to sufficient level. In the long term, even if it is reached European standards, accidents related to dangerous actions will not be brought to the adequate level without systematic measures. These systems should be designed to prevent employees from making mistakes or to stop some errors automatically. Studies in occupational health and safety touch sensors, gas sensors, etc. many sensors are used in different industries. However, since the use of second hand machine in our country is too much, sensors are not applied effectively. Large-cost sensors are manufactured at a much more cost-effective cost in today's conditions rather than the past. Quickly developing technology makes it easier for such applications. In addition, this type of use is expected to be widespread with Industry 4.0. In this study, a case study with 5x5 L type matrix method was examined and occupational health and safety assessments were made, and the risk of occupational accidents was reduced by 75% by using sensors in the post-accident risk analysis. Accidents have been minimized through applications in other presses and similar machines over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of businesses to sustain their activities depends on their customers' satisfaction and their profitability over a certain level. Selection of establishment location, technology used, adequacy of human resources, conditions of market structure etc. depends on many factors. However, the most important factor affecting the profitability of the enterprise is its financial structure. The resources of the enterprise should be used in the most appropriate time and manner. In addition, the cost of these resources should be below the income to be obtained. We can explain the ways in which rational actors are following in this way in two ways. First, to provide maximum production revenue with available cost facilities. Second, ensure a certain production income with minimum resource cost. An optimum relationship should be established between the resources obtained and the resources used. What should be the minimum profit for the enterprise to continue its activities? How these resources affect revenue. How to ensure the compatibility between the sources obtained and the resources used. How to consider alternative uses of resources. All this is the subject of examination of the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There isn’t enough progress for work accidents in our country. Also, there is no reliable data for occupational diseases because of insufficient records. When we have checked work accidents, it seems that there have been many accidents about lifting equipments especially in the construction sector. Therefore, the importance of the often used lifting equipments has been revealed. Lift equipments provide increase in productivity, cost reduction and fatigue reduction in staff. On the other hand, injuries, deaths and actually costs were found to be more without taking adequate protection. In this article, we give information about the most commonly used lifting equipments in working life and related health and safety precautions. It also gives information about costs and consequences that may arise from work carried out without safety precautions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]