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Objectives Shigellosis is one of the common causes of bacterial diarrhea in children. Seizures are common in shigellosis. It is essential to identify the risk factors of seizure in this disease. Materials & Methods This study was conducted on 224 children with shigellosis. The patients were divided into: With (case groups = 63 cases) and without seizures (control group = 161 cases). Groups were compared regarding different variables such as age, gender, clinical symptoms, and laboratory findings. Data analysis was done using statistical tests and SPSS software. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of seizures. Results Out of 224 cases of children with shigellosis, 107 (47.8%) were male and 117 (52.2%) female. Significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of age, history of febrile convulsions, frequency of bloody diarrhea, frequency of fever, duration of diarrhea before hospitalization, abdominal pain, increase in BUN, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and red blood cell count in stool (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that a history of febrile seizure, fever, and hyponatremia are the risk factors for seizures in shigellosis. Conclusion This study concluded that a history of febrile seizure, fever, and hyponatremia are risk factors for seizure in childhood shigellosis, thus rapid diagnosis and treatment of childhood shigellosis with risk factors is very important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Febrile seizure is the most common type of seizure among children. Identification of factors involved in febrile seizure is highly critical. The present study was conducted to determine the association between children's urinary tract infection and febrile seizure. Materials & Methods In this case-control study, 165 children with simple febrile seizure (case group) were compared with 165 children with fever and without seizure (control group) in terms of urinary tract infection (UTI) in Qazvin, central Iran in 2015-2016. The age of children was between 6 months to 5 yr. Results Among 165 children with febrile seizure, 25 (15.2%) had urinary tract infection. In the control group, only 2 patients (1.2%) had UTI. There was significant difference between two groups regarding urinary tract infection (P=0.001). Among 25 children with UTI in the case group, 17 children (68%) had acute pyelonephritis, and the remaining 8 children (32%) had cystitis. The two patients with UTI in control group had cystitis (P=0.055). Conclusion Urinary tract infection could be a risk factor for febrile seizure. Therefore, all patients with febrile seizure are examined in terms of urinary tract infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the relationship between serum glutathione peroxidase and febrile seizure. MATERIALS & METHODS: In this case-control study, 43 children with simple febrile seizure (case group) were compared with 43 febrile children without seizure (control group) in terms of serum glutathione peroxidase level, measured by ELISA method. This study was conducted in Qazvin Children Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in Qazvin, Iran in 2012-2013. The results were analyzed and compared in two groups . RESULTS: From 43 children 24 (53%) were male and 19 (47%) were female in children with simple febrile seizure, and 26 (60%) were male and 17 (40%) were female in febrile children without seizure (control group) (P=0.827). Serum glutathione peroxidase level was 166 U/ml (SD=107) in the case group and 141 U/ml (SD=90.5) in the control group of no significant difference. CONCLUSION: There was no significant relationship between serum glutathione peroxidase and simple febrile seizure. Thus, it seems that glutathione peroxidase, an essential component of antioxidant system, does not play any role in the pathogenesis of simple febrile seizure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Renal diseases are one of the most common causes of referrals and admissions of children, hence it is important to know their neurological presentations. This study aimed to determine neurological presentations of renal diseases in children. MATERIAL & METHODS: A total of 634 children with renal diseases, admitted to Qazvin Pediatric Hospital, Qazvin, central Iran from 2011 to 2013 were studied. Neurological presentations of patients were established and the results were analyzed using statistical tests. RESULTS: Neurological presentations were found in 18 (2.8%) out of 634 patients, of whom 15 had febrile seizures, two thromboembolism, and one encephalopathy. Among patients with urinary tract infection (UTI), 2.6% had febrile seizures, 11.1% of those with glomerulonephritis had encephalopathy, and 3.7% of those with nephrotic syndrome had cerebral thromboembolism. CONCLUSION: Results showed neurological presentations in 2.8% of children with renal diseases, and febrile seizure as the most common presentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Recognition of risk factors for febrile seizures (FS) and epilepsy is essential. Studies regarding the role of melatonin in these convulsive disorders are limited. This study determines the relationship between serum melatonin levels and FS and epilepsy in children. Materials & Methods A population of 111 children with simple FS, complex FS, and epilepsy (37 children per group, respectively) were included as case groups. In addition, 37 febrile children without seizures comprised the control group. Serum melatonin levels were measured and compared between all groups. Results The serum melatonin levels in the simple, complex FSs, and epilepsy groups were 2, 2.4, and 2 pg/ml, respectively. The serum melatonin level in the control group was 2.1pg/ml. Moreover, there were no significant differences observed while comparing the case groups. Conclusion The present study reveals that there is no association between serum melatonin level and simple or complex FS and epilepsy. It appears that melatonin plays no significant role in these convulsive disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Febrile seizures are the most common cause of seizure in children. Identification of risk factors is very important. This study was conducted to determine the association between the serum copper level and simple febrile seizure in children. Materials & Methods In this study, 30 children with simple febrile seizures (case group) were compared with 30 children with febrile illness without seizures (control group) regarding serum copper level. This study was conducted in Qazvin children's hospital (Qazvin, Iran). Results The mean serum copper levels in the case and control groups were 141.41±30.90 and 129.43±18.97 mcg/dl, respectively. This difference was not significant statistically. Conclusion This study revealed that there is no association between serum copper levels and febrile seizures. It seems that copper deficiency is not a risk factor for febrile seizures in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Febrile seizures are the most common cause of seizure in children. Identification of risk factors is very important. This study was conducted to determine the association between the serum copper level and simple febrile seizure in children. Materials & Methods In this study, 30 children with simple febrile seizures (case group) were compared with 30 children with febrile illness without seizures (control group) regarding serum copper level. This study was conducted in Qazvin children's hospital (Qazvin, Iran). Results The mean serum copper levels in the case and control groups were 141.41±30.90 and 129.43±18.97 mcg/dl, respectively. This difference was not significant statistically. Conclusion This study revealed that there is no association between serum copper levels and febrile seizures. It seems that copper deficiency is not a risk factor for febrile seizures in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate serum thyroid hormone levels in epileptic children receiving anticonvulsive drugs. Materials & Methods: In this case- control study, 30 epileptic children who were receiving anticonvulsive drugs (case group) were compared with 30 healthy children (control group). This study was carried out in the Qazvin Children's Hospital (Qazvin, Iran) from October to December 2007. Both groups were matched for age and sex. Thyroid hormone levels were measured using a radioimmunoassay and immunoradiometric assay. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Student's t-tests. Results: The mean serum T3 and T4 levels in the case group were 2.36 ± 0.73 nmol/L and 95.96 ± 27.01 nmol/L, respectively, and the corresponding values in the control group were 1.88 ± 0.93 nmol/L and 147.46 ± 35.77 nmol/L, respectively. The mean serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the case and control groups were 2.73±0.73 mIU/mL and 2.49 ± 2.17mIU/mL, respectively. Conclusions: This study revealed that long-term consumption of anticonvulsive drugs resulted in a decline in serum T4 levels and an increase in serum T3 levels, but had no effect on TSH levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate serum thyroid hormone levels in epileptic children receiving anticonvulsive drugs. Materials & Methods: In this case- control study, 30 epileptic children who were receiving anticonvulsive drugs (case group) were compared with 30 healthy children (control group). This study was carried out in the Qazvin Children's Hospital (Qazvin, Iran) from October to December 2007. Both groups were matched for age and sex. Thyroid hormone levels were measured using a radioimmunoassay and immunoradiometric assay. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Student's t-tests. Results: The mean serum T3 and T4 levels in the case group were 2.36 ± 0.73 nmol/L and 95.96 ± 27.01 nmol/L, respectively, and the corresponding values in the control group were 1.88 ± 0.93 nmol/L and 147.46 ± 35.77 nmol/L, respectively. The mean serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the case and control groups were 2.73±0.73 mIU/mL and 2.49 ± 2.17mIU/mL, respectively. Conclusions: This study revealed that long-term consumption of anticonvulsive drugs resulted in a decline in serum T4 levels and an increase in serum T3 levels, but had no effect on TSH levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]