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Background and aims: Workplace violence against female nurses is a significant and increasing problem. In most of cases, female nurses do not report violent events. The aims of current research are to investigate workplace violence against female nurses in three general hospitals of Ilam located in Iran using the questionnaire in 2012 and identify their reactions when facing with violent events. Methods: This study is a descriptive research that the prevalence of workplace violence against female nurses is investigated. The required information is obtained by means of the author-made questionnaire that is distributed among 53 nurses and the SPSS software is used for data analysis. Results: Among the samples, 90.6 % and 15.1 % of participants had faced with verbal and physical assaults of patients during last year, respectively. Moreover, 92.5 % and 11.3 % of nurses had experienced verbal and physical assaults of patient companions, respectively. Remarkably, most of nursing staff believe that reporting aggressive evident is not useful at all. A significant correlation is found between physical assaults of patients against age of nurses. In addition, a relationship between verbal violence of patients versus marriage status of nurses is observed (P< 0.05). Conclusion: A large rate of aggressive incidents is observed against female nurses, in present study. In this regards, enhance in security guards can significantly reduce this term. Also, recording aggressive events and legally pursuing the people who committed to violence are essential.

Background and aims The fluoride of water can increase the resistance of enamel of teeth against dental caries. In places with low fluoride level in potable water, dental caries is very high before puberty. The aim of this study was to determine the fluoride level of potable water of Ilam- Iran and it's relation to DMF criteria in workers of industrial city of Ilam. Methods This study was done in fall of 1999 on the 320 workers which their age was between 20-34 (x ± SD:28.1 ± 1) years old by descriptive analytical method. The factories were selected by cluster sampling and workers were selected by random sampling from different socio-economic status. Results The mean concentration of fluoride in potable water was 0.28 mg/l which is lower the standard limit. The average value for DMF Index was 4.3 in workers. There was a significant negative correlation between fluoride control of potable water and number of DMF teeth (r=0.1 , p= 0.01 ). The lowest value of DMF index was in range of 20-23 years old. When the fluoride content of water was higher, the dental caries was lower. Conclusion The addition of fluoride to potable water to about 1mg/l, health educational programs and fortification of foods in Industrial regions and factories is recommended.

Background: Mental disorder is one of the most important diseases of which is predicted to increase from 10.5% to 15% until 2020. This study aimed to determine economic factors influencing mental health using multiple regression models in Ilam province in 2013. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 903 families from different cities of Ilam were selected using multistage cluster sampling. The families were selected from each city separately and each head of family was interviewed. The instruments for data collection included general and economic questionnaires and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21, Eviews, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, single and multiple linear regressions. Results: The mean ± SD mental health score in this study was 28.5±12.10. The mental health increased for 4.26 units per each unit of life satisfaction increase, decreased for 4.09 units per each unit of gender growth, increased for 2.94 units per each unit of increase in economic status and had a significant correlation with all the three components (p<0.001). Conclusion: In order to improve people's mental health, it is recommended that healthcare officials may more attention to this matter through implementation of programs such as life skills' training, stress resistance skills training, and helping individuals to be able to adapt themselves to their life environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Seasonality in suicide has been investigated from the early 19th century to explore the productive environmental variables. Seasonality studies can provide information on prevention and interventions in suicide. In this study, we examined seasonality in suicide and aimed to explore the differences in seasonality between rural and urban areas, mental disorders, and genders. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, overall identified suicide cases in Ilam province from 21 March 2010 and 11 December 2014 were identified, using systematic registration suicide data (SRSD). Two methods were used separately to analyze seasonality (Chisquare, Edwards' T). Seasonal effect (peak/ trough seasons) and (deaths/ attempts suicide) was explored by ratio statistics. The null hypothesis was that the completed suicides in each method group were evenly distributed over a year. Results: Significant seasonality was observed in suicide during the study period, with one peak in the spring and one in the winter. Our results showed that suicide seasonality following mental disorders was statistically significant with a peak in the spring, regardless of other factors such as gender and age. When all non- mental suicides are taken into account, the seasonality remains statistically significant, but the peak season is shifted to autumn. Conclusion: Investigating suicide in Ilam revealed a significant seasonality for both rural and urban areas, which was greater in the urban part. A significant seasonality in suicide was observed in attempters with mental disorders. In suicide attempters with mental disorders, findings showed two peaks in the spring and the autumn.