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Prosthetic rehabilitation in patients having prominent labial ridge with conventional complete denture is an uphill task. Severe labial ridge undercuts are commonly seen incompletely edentulous maxilla than in mandible. This may be attributed to the fact related to the proclined maxillary anteriors, indicated for extraction. Treatment approaches generally involve either a surgical or a non-surgical option. The non-surgical or the prosthetic option generally involves the fabrication of conventional complete denture, which may further compromise the esthetics due to excessive thickness of the labial flange. To challenge such situations, an unconventional approach is needed for fabricating a complete denture. This case report delineates a simple, economical, conservative and non-surgical treatment approach for fabrication of denture in a patient with excessive bulky maxillary ridge, to pronounce the final facial aesthetics of the patient. Keywords: Flangeless, Flangeless denture, Gumfit denture, Labial flange, Labial undercut, Open faced denture, Prosthodontics, Window denture

Background and Aim: Debonding of denture teeth from the denture base has posed a great problem to the clinician and patient. Chemical and mechanical treatments have been performed separately, but there are no studies performed using the combination of chemical and mechanical surface treatments. This study aims at evaluating and comparing the bond strength by using chemical and mechanical surface treatments. Materials and Methods: 60 maxillary right central incisor teeth were used in 5 groups for surface treatment on the ridge lap area: 1 untreated, 2-sandblasting, group 3- Heat cure monomer, 4- sandblasting+ monomer, 5- Dichloromethane. The acrylic teeth were attached to a wax block at an angle of 45o. These were flasked and dewaxed, followed by surface treatment and acrylisation. All cured specimens were loaded under a universal testing machine on the palatal surface at a cross head speed of 1mm/min till fracture occurred. Data obtained was statistically evaluated by one way ANOVA. Results: Surface treatment with dichloromethane showed the highest bond strength of acrylic teeth to heat cure denture base when compared with sandblasting and monomer application. On visual analysis of the fractured specimens, maximum amount of cohesive failures were noticed in the dichloromethane group. Conclusion: Dicholoromethane can be used as an effective and quick method to improve the bonding of acrylic teeth to denture base. Keywords: Dichloromethane, Universal testing machine, Cohesive

Maxillary central incisor is the most commonly affected tooth during trauma followed by maxillary lateral incisor and mandibular incisors. Trauma to the anterior tooth requires urgent care because of the essentiality of preserving the natural tooth. When a complicated crown a fracture takes place, it necessitates endodontic treatment and restoration of a fractured crown segment with post in the canal. This case report describes a patient with a broken central incisor and treated with a Richmond crown. Keywords: Cast Post & Core, Fracture Crown, Elastomeric Impression Material, Richmond Crown

The proper knowledge of speech production and phonetic parameters will enables the clinician in fabrication of dentures with good phonetic capabilities. In achieving the optimum phonetic potential by providing correlation among three key objectives i.e. (mechanics, aesthetics and phonetics) of dentistry is the eventual goal of every dentist. This article provides a correlation between occlusion and speech, since the time these two factors are mostly not considered related to each other. But during phonation, the lower teeth functions independently and there remain no contact with upper teeth. This article also highlights the basic utilization of phonation as an indispensible part in placement of upper anterior teeth in complete and partial denture rehabilitation. This is basically because, while restoring natural teeth, we may have to depend on pre-extraction records in order to achieve necessary objectives. And if these records are missing, it is difficult to determining the position of artificial teeth. Hence here, we use phonetics as a guideline for proper placement of artificial teeth. Keywords: Phonetics, Speech, Articulation

The introduction of osseointegrated implants have revolutionized the art and science of modern dentistry giving a new lease of life to the restorative aspects in day-to-day practice. Immediate loading (IL) of dental implants can significantly decrease treatment time and thus increase patient acceptance. IL of dental implants has recently gained popularity due to several factors including reduced trauma as well as aesthetic and psychological benefits to the patient. The present case report describes the immediate replacement of partially edentulous maxilla using Nobel Active™ implant. It describes about the diagnosis, treatment planning and procedures involving the placement of single tooth immediate implant followed by uneventful healing. Keywords: Immediate loading (IL) implants, aesthetics, Nobel Active™ implant

Denture esthetics in the field of prosthodontics has become a prime most demand of the edentulous patients in the recent time. The different processes that are required in the fabrication of complete denture in terms of esthetics constitutes from impression making, selection of teeth, occlusion, proper vertical dimension, accurate recording of the occlusal plane and a good smile line. Keywords: Esthetics, Esthetics in complete denture, Smile line, Occlusion

In todays time implants are becoming the most promisable treatment modality in the replacement of missing tooth or teeth in the oral cavity. With the evolvement of newer techniques and better implant biomaterials, Implants become the prime most treatment option in day to day life.With the evolvement of new techniques, placement of implant in the fresh site of the extraction give different number of advantages that were significant to the patient as well as to the clinician. There are lot of evidence confirms that immediate implant placement provides excellent and good predictable results. Keywords: Immediate implant placement, Implant, Extraction site, Tooth extraction.

Oral cancer ranks among the top three in the country and is major health problem. In India, people affected generally belong to the low-income groups due to a prevalence of habits such as tobacco chewing and lack of awareness and capability to afford the diagnostic and treatment modalities Oral cancer is defined as the cancer of lips, mouth and tongue. The management of cancerous lesions in maxilla and mandible is difficult due to their proximity to vital structures, especially in cases of maxilla wherein due to its strategic anatomic location, comprising of the skull base and its related structures, any radical treatment is deferred. Moreover, the anatomic complexities and the cancellous nature of the bone make it very difficult to achieve wide and clear surgical margins resulting in poor prognosis. The comprehensive management comprises of multidisciplinary team effort comprising of surgical resection of the tumour along with the prosthetic rehabilitation to restore the lost form and function. It may also include chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Keywords: Oral cancer, Maxillectomy, Surgical resection, Weber Ferguson, Prosthetic rehabilitation.

With the advancing digital technology and introduction of newer biocompatible materials with properties similar to biological tissues, CAD CAM fabricated restorations are gaining wide popularity. Introduction of Zirconia and BioHPP (High Performance Polymer) Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) has widened the horizons of clinical prosthodontics. Its use has been successfully demonstrated in implantology for fabrication of frameworks and as substructures for replacement of missing teeth. Literature evidence and clinical reports highlighting their usage for long span FDPs is however scanty. This article aims to highlight a combination of digital-analogue procedure for successful rehabilitation of mutilated and missing anterior teeth in a young adult using virtual articulator, modified Bio-HPP PEEK restorations and manufacturer recommended Visio.lign system. Keywords: Virtual Articulator, BioHPP PEEK, Visiolign.

The COVID -19 virus has emerged as a threat to human existence. It has become the only trending topic on social media websites these days. To fight against this virus, we need armamentarium, which is in shortage in developing countries such as India. In this article, we shall discuss some innovative ideas that can be useful to a dentist and prosthodontist in fighting this deadly disease. Keywords: COVID 19, Virus, Armamentarium, Pandemic, Dentist, Prosthodontist.

In a present scenario, dental implants are becoming very popular in day to day practice and is one of the most promising treatment modality in the procedure of replacement of missing tooth or teeth in the oral cavity. There are various factors over which the success of implant therapy depends, such as local as well as systemic factors, like age, bone availability in terms of height and width, bone density, any local infection present, systemic disease, and some other factors like implant design, implant surface, which plays an important role in the process of osseointegration. Keywords: Implants, Surface modification of implants.

Ameloblastoma is a rare, benign tumor of odontogenic epithelium that was recognized in 1827 by Cusack and renamed ameloblastoma in 1930 by Ivey and Churchill. Ameloblastomas can be found both in the maxilla and mandible with a greater predilection of about 80% in the mandible with the posterior ramus area being the most frequent site. While chemotherapy, radiation therapy, curettage and liquid nitrogen have been effective in some cases of ameloblastoma, surgical resection remains the most definitive treatment for this condition. Rehabilitation of residual mandibular defect post resection is a challenge due to long span compromised ridge condition and the absence of dentition. In such scenario, a fixed-removable prosthesis allows rapid return to excellent function by providing favorable biomechanical stress distribution along with restoration of esthetics, phonetics and ease of postoperative care and maintenance. This paper presents successful Prosthodontic rehabilitation of a patient with a large residual mandibular defect secondary to surgical resection for ameloblastoma using fixed-removable hybrid prosthesis. Keywords: Ameloblastoma, Mandibular defects, Hybrid prosthesis, Fixedremovable partial denture.

Loss of an eye can be physically and psychologically challenging for a patient. The purpose of the ocular prosthesis is to restore the appearance of the lost eye. There are many techniques for iris customisation which can be employed to fabricate the ocular prosthesis. This is a case report where in semi-customized method was employed to fabricate an ocular prosthesis in a simple, fast and satisfactory manner. Keywords: Enucleation ocular prosthesis, Rehabilitation, Semi-customized.

Full mouth rehabilitation encompasses the execution of all the steps necessary to produce healthy, esthetic, well functioning, and self – maintaining masticatory mechanism. The aim is to restore the tooth to its natural form, function and esthetics while maintaining the physiologic integrity in harmonious relationship with the adjacent hard and soft tissues, all of which improves the oral health and quality of life of the patient. It is a complex procedure which involves multiple steps and active participation between prosthodontist, patient and technician to achieve a satisfactory treatment outcome. The apprehension and doubt associated with such procedures are usually associated with an array of available techniques and philosophies. Careful and meticulous diagnosis and formulation of treatment plan holds the key. This article reviews the various occlusal forms, schemes and philosophies associated with Full Mouth Rehabilitation in the existing literature. Keywords: Full mouth rehabilitation, Occlusal concepts/philosophies, Occlusion.

Pincus is credited for evolution of porcelain veneers. He attached the thin labial porcelain veneers temporarily with denture adhesive powders to improve dental esthetic appearance. Improvement of patient’s lost natural dental esthetics have become important goal of discipline of dentistry and credited for wide ranging applications from improving common man’s appearance to filmstars. Esthetic problems may be result of interplay of complex factors like color, shape, and structural and position abnormalities of anterior teeth. Laminate veneers are used for purpose of improving esthetic deficiencies and discolorations as well as existing abnormalities. Successful application of porcelain veneers depends on multiple factors such as the clinical and laboratory steps involved, along with the understanding of the scientific background of procedure. Conservative and esthetic approaches, such as direct and indirect laminate veneer restorations are most preferred way chosen by dentist across world to improve compromised esthetics of human beings. Technological advancements such as intraoral scanner for impression making have significantly improved the success of prosthesis. Keywords: Esthetic deficiencies, Indirect restoration, Smile analysis, laminate, Intraoral scanner.

Background: Endodontically treated teeth are generally weakened as a result of loss of tooth structure due to decay, previous restorative procedures and endodontic access preparation. Ideal coronal reconstruction of endodontically treated tooth is still a challenge for restorative dentistry. Post and core system is a widely used method for treatment of structurally weakened teeth. Materials and Methods: Two extracted, caries-free maxillary central incisors with straight root canal were collected and mounted. Post space preparation were done and restored with fiber post and dentin post respectively. The model is simulated using the software “Creo” and this data is then transferred to software “Hypermesh” to create a Finite Element model i.e., a mesh of nodes and elements. This mesh is programmed to contain the material properties which defined how the structure will react to loading conditions at different angles. The Analysis is carried out using the Ansys software. Results: The FEA results showed that the Dentin post have better fracture resistance. Conclusion: The comparison between fiber and dentin posts exhibited a better stress resistance of dentin post over fiber post. Further research in this regard is required to support the findings of this study results. Keywords: FEM, Dentin post, Fiber post.

Background: osseointegration of dental implants refers to direct structural and functional link between living bone and the surface of non-natural implants. It follows bonding up of an implant into jaw bone when bone cells fasten themselves directly onto the titanium surface.it is the most investigated area in implantology in recent times. Evidence based data revels that osseointegrated implants are predictable and highly successful. This process is relatively complex and is influenced by various factors in formation of bone neighbouring implant surface. Keywords: Osseointegration, Implant, Bone.

In the last few decades implant has emerged overall in all countries and there are different loading protocols for the placement of implants like early loading delay loading or conventional loading. Here in this article, we are going to give a review on loading protocols in implants for the better understanding of general dentist as well as for implantologists. Different protocols have been discussed briefly by us for the selection of loading technique in implant dentistry. Keywords: Clinical epidemiology and Prosthodontics.

Edentulism has been a long standing concern in the field of dentistry. Implant supported overdentures has been proved to be one of the best option in prosthetic rehabilitation of various cases of edentulismand satisfies patient’s expectations, improve quality of life with their long term serviceability and predictable outcomes. There are many practical advantages of the implant supported overdentures over conventional complete dentures and removable partial dentures. These advantages include decreased bone resorption, reduced prosthesis movement, better esthetics, improved tooth position, better occlusion, increased occlusal function and maintenance of the occlusal vertical dimension. The implant supported overdentureis much simpler, affordable and minimally invasive procedure to treat majority of the patients. In this current case report discussed the management of complete edentulous patient with implant supportedoverdenture is discussed. Keywords: Implant supported over denture, Prosthetic rehabilitation, Ball attachment.

Maxillary Inadequacies originate due to various aetiologies. Prosthetic restoration of the defect often includes use of a surgical obturator, interim obturator and definitive obturator. Prosthetic design has been discussed by many authors. A search of dental literature through April 2020 was undertaken by use of PubMed. The focus of the search was on occlusion concepts and schemes incorporated in the designing of a maxillary obturator prosthesis for partially edentulous hemimaxillectomy patients. In addition, some common textbooks on removable and maxillofacial prosthodontics were scrutinised for additional documentation. The significance of occlusion should be emphasized in the support of maxillary obturator prostheses. Till date there is no literature review on the the array of concepts of occlusion incorporated in maxillary obturator fabrication. Keywords: Occlusal schemes, Maxillary obturators, Occlusal concepts in Definitive obturators.

With advancement in the technology & medical science there has been also increase in the various diseases & disorders due to lifestyle changes, dietary changes, etc. Due to increase in the aspect of dentistry, there is a need to know about the medical condition of patients because many dental procedures may cause stress to the patient and their proper management is required in case if patient health status is not so good. Also, in invasive dental procedures that involve implants, extractions or jaw surgeries also need a proper dental as well medical management depending upon different conditions likewise there is a risk of bleeding that could be fatal in bleeding disorders, overdose of LA may precipitate the epileptic attack and many more. Here in this article we are going to discuss briefly about dental management in medically compromised patients, and also it’s the duty of dentist to have the knowledge of such conditions and he should know how to manage those patients in his or her dental operatory. Keywords: COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Fractures and wear tooth, poor dental position, trauma and dissatisfaction with aesthetics are the major causes why patients seek for dental treatment. This work aims to present a technique for treating cases with aesthetic requirements using guides, to restore teeth with a G.V. Black’s Class IV restoration. The combination of rising patient aesthetic demands and the desire for conservative dentistry, has resulted in development of intricate direct composite layering techniques. Direct restorations have good predictability, resistance load, longevity and compared with indirect restorations have greater preservation of dental tissues, low cost and fewer clinical sessions. This case report describes a systematic system to rebuild the lost anatomy of a maxillary central incisor with dental composites. Keywords: Composite resin restoration, Dental esthetics, Lingual putty technique.

For the better out come of the fixed dental prosthesis in terms of periodontal health, in terms of aesthetics and longevity of the prosthesis, a good and proper retraction of the gingival tissue is very much required. For the proper placement of the fixed dental prosthesis over the prepared tooth requires close contact with the adjacent tissue i.e. gingiva, so for the proper and placement of the prosthesis in the close proximity requires adequate isolation and retraction of the soft tissue around the prepared tooth. For the procedure of gingival retraction various methods and different materials are available. Keywords: Retraction, gingival retraction, Isolation, Dry field, Gingiva

Xerostomia is a clinical condition caused by a reduced secretion of saliva in the oral cavity. Xerostomia in itself is not a disease but rather a manifestation of injury/destruction of the salivary glands by some disease or radiation therapy. As seen in today’s world most of the xerostomic cases seen are patients who have received radiotherapy in the head and neck area for treating one or the other form of cancer, which causes damage to the glandular function and structure of the major and minor salivary glands. Multiple root caries, fungal infections, impairment of speech and difficulties in chewing and swallowing food are some of the many complications that are caused by the reduced salivary production in the oral cavity. The difficulty level raises many folds if the patient is edentulous and is/will be a denture wearer due to soreness and frequent ulceration of the mucosa. As far as the solutions to this problem are concerned, many intra-oral devices /appliances such as the salivary reservoir in denture patients, have been tried which allow the slow release of artificial salivary substitutes into the oral cavity to provide some kind of relief to the patient. However most of the techniques present in the literature for the fabrication of a salivary reservoir either make the denture extremely bulky or quite expensive for the general public to afford. Therefore in this case we have described a technique that is simple, cost effective and novel, illustrating the incorporation of a salivary reservoir in a maxillary denture with salivary substitute along with the management of a resorbed mandibular edentulous ridge. Keywords: Xerostomia, Reservoir denture, Salivary substitutes, Complete denture, Radiotherapy, Neutral zone, Resorbed ridge.

Maxillary defects may be due to trauma, congenital defects or secondary to surgical correction of benign and malignant tumours. Surgical management leads to loss of maxilla, soft palate and contiguous structures leading to a communication between the oral and nasal regions that causes difficulty in speech, deglutition, mastication, respiration and loss of facial support. The goal of rehabilitation is to bring about improvement in basic functions of mastication, deglutition, speech, esthetics thereby boosting the psychological status of the patient. An obturator acts as a framework over which tissues may be shaped by the surgeon, holds the surgical dressing, serves as a temporary prosthesis during the period of surgical correction and helps to restore a patient’s cosmetic appearance soon after after surgery. The basic principles of retention and stability are difficult to achieve due to increased weight of the prosthesis. Obturator is generally made in two parts i.e. the palatal portion and the hollow bulb .However in this case, a novel technique was utilized to fabricate the prosthesis in three parts i.e. the palatal portion, the hollow bulb and the hollow occlusal rim. Since there was sufficient volume in the area of occlusal rim, it was made hollow as well to further reduce the weight of the prosthesis. Using the method described, the stability and retention of the obturator were improved, speech intelligibility increased, and food and liquid leakage to the nasal cavity were reduced. Keywords: Maxillectomy, Retention, Three piece hollow bulb obturator.

Introduction: Passive fit is one of the major concerns in implant dentistry as it contributes to the long-term success of the implant treatment. Accurate implant impressions are important for the achievement of passive fit of an implant prosthesis. There is inconclusive evidence on the techniques and types of materials used for making multi-unit implant impressions .In the present article the various parameters affecting the accuracy of implant impression along with impression material and technique are reviewed. Objective: To evaluate the scientific data related to different aspects of multi-unit implant impression accuracy and draw useful conclusions from the review for application in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: Studies from 1990 to 2017 were evaluated. Papers examining implant impression accuracy for two or more implants were selected for review. Case reports, technique articles, and incomplete studies were excluded. Fifty-nine studies were selected for evaluation, three among them clinical and the rest in vitro. Results: Fifteen studies compared polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) and polyether (PE) 11 found no differences between the two materials in terms of impression accuracy. Thirty studies analyzed the splint effect 13 found splinting better and 13 others elicited no differences between splinting and non-splinting. Among the 25 studies examining pickup and transfer impression techniques, 12 favored pickup over transfer and 11 found no differences between the two. Twelve studies assessed effects of various angles of implants and found significant differences in accuracy for 20 to 25degree angle and no differences for 5 to 15-degree angle for most studies, except two. Conclusion: PVS and PE were the preferred impression materials for multi-unit implant impressions. The evidence on splinting was inconclusive and the data supporting splint to non-splint were neutral. Pickup was the better performing technique than transfer, especially with increased num

This case report will show a novel method for the utilization of customary all on four in mix with Cone Beam Computed Tomography guided embed surgery utilizing a surgical guide. It is not any more just an idea for the future, the utilization of these computerized strategies in the dentistry has turned out to be regular practice in the present days. Registered tomography (CT) guided dental implant surgery has significantly extended in the course of recent years as ideas and procedures have turned out to be progressively enhanced and more implant producers have changed their implant frameworks to these new advances in implant position. The All-on-four method for dental implant situation and reclamation for full mouth recovery, while built up somewhere in the range of two decades back, has as of late created expanded enthusiasm as a profoundly useful, feel, financially savvy elective for a vast gathering of edentulous patients who could profit by a full-curve, implant upheld settled prosthesis. This article portrays the All-on-four CT-guided implant surgery method. Keywords: Computed tomography, All-on-four, Surgical guide, Drill, Planning, Dental implant.

Removable complete denture till date exists as one of the treatment modality of choice to the edentulous patients. Complaints that are associated after delivery of complete denture is more of actual type and very less frequent of psychological type. In most of the cases education to the patient prior to the start of the procedure will help the clinician as well as the patient to understand the limitations associated with the use of complete denture. The most important thing is to motivate the patient to overcome these limitations. Keywords: Post insertion problems, Complete denture, Complaints.

Aim: A complete knowledge on the root canal anatomy and morphology is a basic prerequisite for the successful endodontic treatment. Successful endodontic treatment depends on locate all the canals and proper chemomechanical preparation followed by obturation with proper hermetic seal. Failure may occur due to incomplete knowledge and unusual tooth morphology. Mandibular molars may have an extra root when located lingually called radix entomolaris or buccally called radix paramolaris. The successful treatment depend upon the complete Knowledge abnormal root canal morphology. Case Reports: in this article describe three cases of multirooted mandibular first molar and their successful endodontic treatment. Conclusions: For successful endodontic treatment A clinician should have complete knowledge of normal and abnormal anatomy of mandibular first molar and as well as use of recent tool of endodontics like computed tomography and the operating microscope Keywords: Endodontic treatment, Radix entomolaris

Attachment retained removable partial denture facilitates to replace the cosmetic and functional requirement to rehabilitate long edentulous span, distal extension situation and abutments with different path of insertion. Selection of attachment system is based on the distribution of forces to improve function and maintain health of remaining alveolar ridge and teeth. This clinical report describes a multidisciplinary approach to treat a long span distal extension condition using over denture with ceka attachment. Keywords: Proprioception, Bone preservation, Retention, Masticatory efficiency, Preventive prosthodontics.

Dental clinics are a hotspot for nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Prosthodontics stands at an entangled position in dentistry because of service to elderly patients, procedures such as tooth preparation that leads to aerosol generation, involvement of labs for dentures, crown fabrication. Moreover most of treatments requiring multiple sittings. These procedures range from low to very high risk of COVID-19. This review article aims to provide brief information pertaining to possible source of spread of COVID-19 in Prosthodontics setup regarding patient management and clinical strategies Thus, the aim of this article is to present a brief overview of the history, symptoms, and routes of transmission of COVID-19 and specific recommendations for prosthodontic practice. Keywords: COVID19, Coronavirous, Aerosol generation, Tooth preparation, Symptoms.

Appearance of dentition is of concern to a large people seeking dental treatment. People are giving a lot importance to the red and white aesthetics i.e the teeth and the gums. Apart from just colour of these dental components, harmony within these structures is of utmost important which includes shade, shape and size of teeth along with gingival esthetics. Gingival esthetics includes gingival architecture along with its colour Principles of esthetics must be followed for beautiful result. With introduction of digital smile designing, work on improving smile became more predictable. Using the technology, it becomes easy to guide best esthetics possible. Communication with patient showing their future result is possible. Due to high cost and need for special software makes it impossible to use for every patients seeking for smile correction. This case report describes the conventional and innovative approach of smile designing using an acrylic guide for correcting dimensions of teeth and ginigival zenith postion. Gingival pigmentation was also corrected to obtain esthetically pleasing gingival. Proper mock-up of diagnostic cast following all the rules of esthetics was done to visualize the final outcome. With introduction of veneers, conservative tooth preparation with high esthetics gain has become popular for management of unesthetic teeth. Keywords: Smile design, Digital smile design, Mock up, Gingival zenith, Veneers.

Introduction: Student assessment of teaching aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses of teaching. This study aimed to analyze the evaluation of the clinical prosthodontics teaching by students of the Institute of Odontology and Stomatology of the Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar. Material and Methods:This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 103 Master 1 and Master 2 students in dental surgery. The variables were related to items concerning framing, clinical teaching and assessment of clinical prosthodontics learning during the last 2 years of dental studies. Using the Likerts scale, the student had to make a quantitative assessment by assigning a score ranging from 1 to 5, depending on the degree of accreditation. The SPSS® software version 17.0 was used for statistical analysis. The comparison of averages used the Student t test at 5% risk of error. Results:The majority of the sample (79.6%) felt that the number of teachers was insufficient. Teachers were not available according to 51.4% of students. Training objectives were clearly defined for 81.5% of students. For 44.7% of them, the number of course hours was sufficient for clinical learning. Concerning the certification evaluation of learning, 66% of the students disapproved of the single final formula. Conclusion:The practice of clinical teaching evaluation by students is an essential pillar of the overall approach to improve the prosthodontics teaching. Keywords:Prosthodontics, Clinical teaching, Assessment, Students.

Introduction: Tumors involving mandible are the most common cause of mandibulectomy due to their aggressive nature. Mandibulectomy is generally combined with adjunct treatment modalities like radiotherapy and chemotherapy to avoid high chances of recurrence. Many case reports of rehabilitation of mandibulectomy defects using poly methyl meth acrylate have been reported in the literature, but rehabilitation with cast partial denture along with salivary reservoir is scarce/ not reported. The patient chief complaint was difficulty in chewing food and dryness of mouth. Intra oral examination revealed missing alveolar ridge with corresponding teeth following mandibulectomy along with dryness of mouth. The contralateral side had good occlusion with no deviation of the mandible on opening or closing. Following the surgery, for Chondrosarcoma, patient had reported to our department for rehabilitation. The mandibulectomy defect was Cantor and Curtis Type III defect with xerostomia. Conclusion: The hemi mandibulectomy defect was rehabilitated with sectional cast partial denture using semi precision attachments along with salivary reservoir to improve form, function, esthetics and phonetics including clinical symptom of xerostomia, thereby improving quality of life of the patient. Keywords: Mandibular defect, Xerostomia, Salivary reservoir, Semi precision attachments, Cast partial denture.

The concept of Preventive Prosthodontics utilising conventional tooth-retained overdentures is a simple and cost effective treatment compared to implant overdentures. The concept of tooth supported overdentures is getting less popular because of advent of implant supported overdentures/hybrid dentures, but it is still utilised and provides a satisfactory means of rehabilitation and helps in delaying the process of residual ridge resorption and thus, helps in the preservation of bone, especially in patients who cant afford and/or cant undergo implant surgery because of health issues. A number of attachment systems are available for tooth supported overdenture treatment modality. The objective of all the systems is to provide retention and support for the overdenture, but the bar retained systems are expensive. This case report describes a simple and economic way of fabrication of a customised Hader bar using a simple coffee stirrer for tooth supported overdenture. Keywords: Customized Hader Bar, Tooth supported overdenture, Cast copings, Bar supported overdenture.

Background: The choice of restoring endodontically treated anterior teeth is guided by strength and esthetics. The ultimate shade of post and core definitely affects the translucent ceramic crown systems, which is a matter of concern. The colour of the underlying core influences the definitive esthetic result especially for a highly translucent ceramic crown with a thickness of less than 1.6 mm. In case of a thin gingival biotype the cast posts may also create root discoloration and a blue-gray effect. The gold posts, which is considered as gold standard, exhibit a dull bluish hue and give an unnatural appearance. The utilization of a dissimilar material for post and core buildup often results in failure due to separation between the post and core. When the core and the foundation restoration is of ceramic, post based on ceramic material would ensure better success. The prefabricated zirconia posts are one of the novel alternatives to gold post. Purpose: The mechanical advantage together with the aesthetic gain over the conventional materials has made zirconia the state of art option available for usage in the present day. Materials and Methods: There are only few relative studies, which have reported on aesthetic, clinical survival and patient reported events of endodontically treated teeth with zirconia post. Hence this clinical study is undertaken to evaluate the acceptability of prefabricated zirconia post used in endodontically treated teeth especially in the anterior region with the foundation restoration being all ceramic restorations. Results: Zirconia post is a more aesthetic alternative to fiber post especially in patients with gummy smile and thin biotype with all-ceramic crown to optimize the esthetic effect at the root and maintaining an adequate level of strength. Conclusion: In esthetic zone prefabricated zirconia post is a more simple and viable option to conventional post giving a monoblock (one piece) design. Keywords: Ceramic post, Esthetic post

To get the volumetric data of the maxillary and the mandibular dental arches, the teeth itself, the morphology of the bone, to get the imaging and extent of the bony defects that too with low radiation, cone beam computed tomography plays a major role. CBCT is very much helpful in detecting the three dimensional view of the alveolar bone, helpful in getting the quite accurate extent of the bony defects, helpful in some of the difficult cases of root canal treatment where the dentist is not been able to find the actual curvature of the canal or where the accessory canal has been missed from the primary canal. This technique cone beam computed tomography provides the image to the dentist with minimal of distortion. Keywords: CBCT, Three dimensional imaging, Minimal distortion.

Confident attractive smile is the most important social bonding gesture and key to your professional enhancement. With the advent of new materials and techniques in the field of esthetic dentistry, people have transformed their idea of smile and how it’s designed. In today’s era we have digital smile design as a multipurpose digital tool with certain clinically relevant advantages. It has enhanced the esthetic diagnostic capabilities with much more organized treatment plan and better communication among the team members and patient thereby resulting in more predictable treatment outcome and increased effectiveness of case presentation and patient motivation. Keyword: Smile Makeover, Digital Smile Design, Esthetics

Prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous patient has an ultimate aim of restoring absolute oral functions and esthetics. Hollow and slumped cheeks in completely edentulous patients reduce their over-all facial appearance and make them look further old. To confront this esthetic challenge, cheek lifting appliance can be used. The article here, illustrates simple and non-invasive technique of fabrication of complete denture with hollow cheek plumpers using pvc pipes, as one unit and light-weighted prosthesis. These add support to the flaccid oro-facial musculature and elevate the facial esthetics while maintaining the retentive characteristics of the complete denture. Keywords: Cheek plumper, Hollow denture, Complete denture, Sunken cheeks, Cheek augmentation, Geriatric dentistry, Geriatric esthetics, Light weight denture.

Various factor have been discussed in the literatures that facilitate clinical assessment for dental implant selection and placement with consequent hard and soft tissue enhancement around the implant prosthesis. The sequential process of clinical examination, laboratory tests, radiographic analysis, diagnostic protocols of casts, wax ups. Along with the treatment needs and desires of the patient have to be factored in for the overall diagnosis and prognosis of implant therapy. A step-by-step methodology has been created to help the implant practitioner with a checklist that aims to create the optimal plan for each case. Keywords: Diagnosis, Dental Implant, & Treatment Planing.

Background: In present times implants in modern dentistry are most reliable modality of treatment for restoration of partial or complete edentulous spans in patient’s mouth. Aim of this article was to review already existing studies concerning evaluation procedures for dimensions of alveolar bone. Materials and Methods: The through search was performed regarding existing literature available regarding bone/ridge mapping on various available platforms like science direct, Google scholar from 1992-2019 and the data obtained was assimilated along with concerned literature knowledge in the existing article. Results: The various methods of assessing dimensions of residual bone were discussed thoroughly and in a simpler and clarified manner. Both direct and indirect techniques of bone mapping performed by an implant surgeon were detailed in a broader spectrum in this review article. Conclusion: In this review article the earlier studies concerning bone mapping and diagnostic modalities for implant therapy were considered and the knowledge obtained was assimilated in this review. The results of indirect technique for bone mapping were found to be similar to those obtained from direct technique for bone mapping. However the bone mapping techniques possesses certain advantages over the radiographic techniques of assessing the bone dimensions. Keywords: Bonemapping, Caliper, Computed Tomography Implant, Implant placement.

Satisfactory restoration in a patient with a partially edentulous situation can be challenging especially when unilateral or bilateral posterior segment of teeth is missing. Successful restoration can be done with various conventional and contemporary treatment options. One such treatment modality is attachment-retained cast partial dentures. This paper describes a case report of a patient with mandibular bilateral distal extension edentulous span restored with a cast partial denture having an extracoronal castable precision attachment (RHEIN 83 OT CAP attachments system). Keywords: Precision attachment, Removable denture, Retentive denture.

In last 3 months, COVID-19 has rapidly expanded across various countries. It is a zoonotic which is believed to have originated in bats and pangolins and later transmitted to humans. Human transmission occurs via respiratory droplet/contact. WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic due to the alarming levels of spread and severity. In response to the current threat, many countries have employed various containment strategies to protect people from health risk and avoid strain on the national healthcare systems worldwide. However despite the extensive efforts, this outbreak is still on the rise due to the community spread. In such a scenario, dental healthcare workers may deal with patients who have suspected/confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Prosthodontics stands at a unique position in Dentistry because of service to Geriatric patients, procedure such as tooth preparation that needs aerosol generation, involvement of Labs for dentures and crown fabrication and most of treatments requiring multiple sittings. Current article aims to provide brief information pertaining to possible source of spread of COVID-19 in Prosthodontics setup regarding patient management and clinical strategies. Keywords: COVID-19, Aerosols, Prosthodontics, Dentistry.

Recording of the basal seat and surrounding teeth accurately is an important task in dentistry. It is done previously by conventional impression materials like alginate, agar, elastomeric impression materials, due to its drawbacks like gagging, unpleasant taste etc. newer methods like digital impressions and digital scanners had evolved. Digital scanners include a computer display and a hand held wand with a camera to capture the intraoral images in three dimensions. Digital impressions are more accurate, time saving and increases the comfort of patient compared to conventional impressions. Keywords: iTero.

Prosthodontists, laboratory technicians, students and other people working within the clinical setup and laboratory should be aware of all the potential risk factors and necessary measures to prevent and protect themselves as well as the patient. This article intent to reaserch various hazards and risks involved in prosthodontic practice. These risks include expoure to chemical, physical hazards, infectious environment, psychosocial hazards and various others. Prevention from these hazards and risk factors is also highlighted. Keywords: Health hazards, Occupational hazards, Stress infectious disease, Control measures, Noise, Ergonomic hazards.

Even though fixed dental prosthesis and dental implants are now in growing trend, conventional RPDs are still prevalent and considered the gold standard technique. Conventional RPDs along with their various modifications are comparatively less invasive, cost-effective and best treatment option for partial edentulism in cases where fixed prosthesis and implants are contraindicated. Such prosthesis aims in rehabilitation with adequate stability, retention and support similar to a fixed dental prosthesis and also better aesthetics with maintaining hygiene like that of a removable prosthesis. Keywords: Proprioception of implants, Osseointegration, Osseoperception.

Dental implants are extensively used and are considered to be one of several treatment options that can be used to replace missing teeth. A number of implant-supported treatment alternatives have been used successfully to restore a single tooth and multiple teeth, as well as a completely edentulous jaw. However, as the number of patients who have dental implants is increasing, dental personnel are more likely to see patients with implant-supported restorations or prostheses. There are many systemic and local factors that effect the survival of implants, Therefore, a basic knowledge of dental implants and associated factors for the survival of dental implants is necessary for the success of dental implants. Keywords: Dental implant failures, Local factors affecting implants, Systemic factors affecting implants.

Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) is one of the most widely used materials for fabricating dentures. Though it has its success in meeting esthetic requirements, it is still far from ideal to meet mechanical requirements of a denture. The fracturing of dentures can be caused by mechanical properties of acrylic resin or by a multitude of factors leading to failure of PMMA. The quest for an alternative material or a chemical modification or use of different denture base material reinforcements of PMMA, provides a clear picture about various developments that have taken place in this field. Keywords: Denture base materials, Reinforcing materials, Fiber reinforcements, Nanofillers.

Forensic is any term related to court of jurisdiction. Forensic medicine relates the application of knowledge of principles with practitioners of medical and para medical sciences for the purpose of administration of law. It includes various disciplines such as forensic toxicology, forensic engineering, forensic anthropology and forensic odontology. Forensic dentistry includes various odontological parameters such as DNA fingerprinting, bite mark identification, rugoscopy and cheiloscopy but these markers are of little use in completely edentulous patients. Dental records of edentulous patients are often sparse due to in frequent follow up of the patients and lack of record keeping by the dental practitioners. Therefore, the provision of some form of permanent denture labeling or marking can serve as a solution to these problems. Keywords: Forensic identification, Barcode, Micro SD card, Ante mortem records.

Introduction: The ever-increasing speed of life puts forth a need to improve the outcome of the rehabilitative and other interventions we perform on our patients. This improvement in efficacy is primarily focused on reducing treatment time while enhancing the durability of the rehabilitation without compromising on patient safety. Strategic Corticobasal Implants (SCI) offer both versatility and durability to cater to all kinds of clinical scenarios which cannot be managed by conventional implants and or require extensive adjunctive procedures. Materials and Methods: A total of 265 BECES implants were placed from Mar 2017 to Feb 2018. It is a single piece, polished surface, bendable implant manufactured by Ihde Dental, Germany. A variety of cases were managed ranging from full mouth rehabilitations, segments, and single tooth loss. The results were assessed after a period of one year. Results: A total of 06 implants failed. Remaining 259 implants reported no complication over the past one year. Conclusion: The SCI are very versatile in the management of edentulous cases with an incredibly low failure and complication rate. Keywords: BECES, BCS, Zygoma implants, Bendable implants, Immediate functional loading implants, Cortical implants, Strategic implants, Polished surface implants, Corticobasal implantology..