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BACKGROUND: Chest X-rays (CXR) are widely used to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of critically ill and emergency patients in clinical practice. Accurate hemi-diaphragm detection based on postero-anterior (P-A) CXR images is crucial for the diaphragm function assessment of critically ill and emergency patients to provide precision healthcare for these vulnerable populations. OBJECTIVE: Therefore, an effective and accurate hemi-diaphragm detection method for P-A CXR images is urgently developed to assess these vulnerable populations' diaphragm function. METHODS: Based on the above, this paper proposes an effective hemi-diaphragm detection method for P-A CXR images based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) and graphics. First, we develop a robust and standard CNN model of pathological lungs trained by human P-A CXR images of normal and abnormal cases with multiple lung diseases to extract lung fields from P-A CXR images. Second, we propose a novel localization method of the cardiophrenic angle based on the two-dimensional projection morphology of the left and right lungs by graphics for detecting the hemi-diaphragm. RESULTS: The mean errors of the four key hemi-diaphragm points in the lung field mask images abstracted from static P-A CXR images based on five different segmentation models are 9.05, 7.19, 7.92, 7.27, and 6.73 pixels, respectively. Besides, the results also show that the mean errors of these four key hemi-diaphragm points in the lung field mask images abstracted from dynamic P-A CXR images based on these segmentation models are 5.50, 7.07, 4.43, 4.74, and 6.24 pixels,respectively. CONCLUSION: Our proposed hemi-diaphragm detection method can effectively perform hemi-diaphragm detection and may become an effective tool to assess these vulnerable populations' diaphragm function for precision healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is closely related to the right ventricle and lung lobes. This study focuses on the segmentation of the right ventricle and lung lobes. We conducted experiments using the MMWHS and our lung lobe datasets and evaluated the segmentation using different training models. We observed that the multi-objective segmentation approach has advantages over single-objective segmentation in segmenting the right ventricle and lung lobes. For the segmentation of the right ventricle, the multi-objective segmentation approach yielded an improvement of 2.0% in the Dice coefficient and 2.5% in the Jaccard index compared to single-objective segmentation. For the segmentation of five lung lobes, the multi-objective segmentation outperformed the single-objective segmentation with Dice coefficient improvements of 1.4%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 0.7%, and 1.3%, respectively.