1. Catalytic oxidation of toluene by manganese oxides: Effect of K + doping on oxygen vacancy.
- Author
-
Huang Z, Li H, Zhang X, Mao Y, Wu Y, Liu W, Gao H, Zhang M, and Song Z
- Subjects
- Oxygen chemistry, Carbon Dioxide, Oxides chemistry, Oxidation-Reduction, Catalysis, Benzoic Acid, Toluene, Manganese chemistry, Manganese Compounds
- Abstract
Alkali metal potassium was beneficial to the electronic regulation and structural stability of transition metal oxides. Herein, K ions were introduced into manganese oxides by different methods to improve the degradation efficiency of toluene. The results of activity experiments indicated that KMnO
4 -HT (HT: Hydrothermal method) exhibited outstanding low-temperature catalytic activity, and 90% conversion of toluene can be achieved at 243°C, which was 41°C and 43°C lower than that of KNO3 -HT and Mn-HT, respectively. The largest specific surface area was observed on KMnO4 -HT, facilitating the adsorption of toluene. The formation of cryptomelane structure over KMnO4 -HT could contribute to higher content of Mn3+ and lattice oxygen (Olatt ), excellent low-temperature reducibility, and high oxygen mobility, which could increase the catalytic performance. Furthermore, two distinct degradation pathways were inferred. Pathway Ⅰ (KMnO4 -HT): toluene → benzyl → benzoic acid → carbonate → CO2 and H2 O; Pathway ⅠⅠ (Mn-HT): toluene → benzyl alcohol → benzoic acid → phenol → maleic anhydride → CO2 and H2 O. Fewer intermediates were detected on KMnO4 -HT, indicating its stronger oxidation capacity of toluene, which was originated from the doping of K+ and the interaction between KOMn. More intermediates were observed on Mn-HT, which can be attributed to the weaker oxidation ability of pure Mn. The results indicated that the doping of K+ can improve the catalytic oxidation capacity of toluene, resulting in promoted degradation of intermediates during the oxidation of toluene., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest There is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)- Published
- 2024
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