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In order to study the influence of various structural dimensions of the suspension floor locking mechanism on the vehicle protection performance of the special vehicle suspension floor, the finite element simulation analysis and structural optimization design of the locking mechanism are carried out. The starting load of the locking mechanism based on the occupant damage threshold was determined, the dynamic tensile loading system of the locking mechanism was designed, the accuracy of the design scheme and the finite element model was verified, and the experimental design was carried out using Latin hypercube sampling. In addition, the sensitivity analysis was carried out, the relationship between the structural size of the locking mechanism and the protective performance of the vehicle was clarified, the optimal mathematical model of the locking mechanism was established, and the Pareto solution set of the optimization model was obtained through the multi-objective genetic algorithm. The optimal design scheme of the locking mechanism was obtained by using the linear multi-criterion decision method, and the accuracy of the optimal scheme was verified by the simulation.