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The energy-saving potential of passive ventilative cooling has been underestimated, and the abuse of mechanical ventilation has resulted in significant energy waste in air quality. The use of large temperature difference between day and night; large temperature difference between indoor and outdoor during the transitional season; surface cold storage can greatly enhance the cooling effect of passive ventilation, reduce energy consumption and improve indoor air quality (IAQ). This paper analyzes and summarizes the research process of techniques and methods for realizing passive ventilation and cooling in residential buildings by using large temperature difference and accumulation of cold. The research results of the literature are mainly divided into two categories. On the one hand, the research methods and application characteristics of natural ventilation passive cooling technology formed by large temperature difference, which is dependent on climatic factors and residential conditions are described. On the other hand, the application environment and research technology of energy storage such as tunnel wind, which is based on the ventilation strategy and installation were described. Most of the research results show that the tunnel wind is relatively stable and comfortable, but the construction cost is too high, and the temperature difference is used to depend on the building category and climate environment. Passive ventilative cooling studies with focus on residential buildings are presented including both challenges and potential for improving building energy performance.