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In this paper, it is presented that electromyography (EMG) is a shot noise based on the generation of EMG. A novel filter is proposed by applying a neural network (NN) ensemble where the noisy input signal and the desired one are the same in a learning process. Both incremental and batch mode are applied in the learning process of NNs that is better than generalized NN filters. This NN ensemble filter not only reduces additive and multiplicative white noise inside signals, but also preserves the signals' characteristics. In clinical EEG and EMG signals processing, the filter is capable of reducing EMG in the clinical EEG, and it is proved that there is randomness in EMG.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is proved to be a powerful analytical tool for investigation of biological tissue. In this study, SERS based on Ag nanoparticles was used to investigate the normal and cancerous thyroid tissue. Preliminary results indicated that Raman peaks and the spectra profile from both normal and cancerous tissues showed a basic similarity, obvious differences are that, first, Raman peaks 563cm−1, 1449cm−1 and 1587cm−1 in cancerous tissue decreased obviously compared with the normal thyroid tissue. Besides, Raman peaks 1004cm−1 and 1128cm−1 might be specific peaks for normal thyroid tissue, whereas 1294cm−1 might attribute to specific peak for cancerous thyroid tissue. In addition, some peaks in normal thyroid tissue appeared to have shifted in cancerous tissue. Intensity ratio of 656cm−1 vs. 725cm−1 in normal tissue are significantly different from cancerous tissue (P

Electroporation assisted metallic nanoparticle delivery has been shown by our previous work to significantly reduce the time of sample preparation for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurements of biological cells. In this research note, we report our experimental work to optimize the electroporation parameters, including adjustment of the pulse pattern and operation temperature, for fastest delivery of silver nanoparticles into living C666 cells (a human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line). The delivery efficiency was evaluated by the integrated intensity of whole cell SERS spectrum. Our work concluded that the silver nanoparticle delivery rate is best under the electroporation condition of using 4 consecutive 350 V (875 V/cm) rectangular electric pulses of 1 ms, 10 ms, 10 ms, and 1 ms durations respectively. Low temperature (0~4°C) is necessary for improving the delivery efficiency of silver nanoparticles.