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The purpose of this study is first, to find out how the blue carbon ecosystem is currently regulated in Indonesia and secondly to find out how urgent it is to strengthen the regulation of blue carbon ecosystems in Indonesia to realize sustainable development in Indonesia. The research method used in this research is a normative juridical research method, the problem approach used in this writing is through the approach of various laws and regulations (statute approach). There are already several regulations that regulate good blue carbon ecosystems in the constitution and various laws and regulations, including Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management and Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry. In addition, it includes Law Number 32 of 2014 concerning Marine Affairs and Law Number 27 of 2007 concerning the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands as well as various other laws and regulations. However, there are still many areas that have not made regional regulations to protect mangrove areas, so the blue carbon ecosystem has not been optimally maintained. It is very necessary to establish regulations strictly to protect blue carbon ecosystems both from laws and regulations, as well as derivative regulations used to protect the use of blue carbon ecosystems to achieve sustainable development in Indonesia.

The potato plant is a primary horticultural crop that can be used in place of food diversification. The study’s goal is to find the best interaction between rhizobacteria and mycorrhizal on the growth and yield of the potato plant. This study was conducted at the Andalas University, Padang Faculty of Agriculture’s Microbiology and Plant Physiology Laboratories and experimental garden Institute Assessment and Agricultural Technology in Sukarami Solok, from July to December 2018. A 2-factor factorial design with replication and a fully randomized design was employed CRD. The type of rhizobacteria is the first factor: no Rhizobacteria, RZ.1.L2.3, RZ.3.L2.1, RZ.3.L2.2, RZ.1.L2.3, and the second factor is Multispora, Acaulospora, Glomus SP2, and Sclerocystis. Each treatment was replicated three times, consisting of 60 experimental units. The data were analyzed using the STAR application whit a 5% F test, and if significantly different, followed by a 5% HSD test. The outcome demonstrated an interaction between rhizobacteria and mycorrhizal on the fresh weight of the tuber.

Corncob waste can be used as compost; corncob compost that microbial decomposers have composted positively affects soil and plants. The objectives of this study are 1). It was obtaining the type of fungi from the corn rhizosphere that acts as a decomposer of corncob waste and 2) knowing the potential of corncob waste compost in suppressing F. graminearum, which causes stem rot on corn and increasing plant growth. The designs used for the two steps of the study were: Randomized Block Designs with ten treatments and four replication. The first step is using the rhizosphere fungi isolates for composting corncob waste. The second step is testing corncob composted by ten different types of rhizosphere fungi to suppress corn stem rot caused by F. graminearum. Parameters observed in the first step were: the number of conidia and the number of propagules of rhizosphere fungi in corncobs compost. The third step was: Incubation period, disease incidence, disease severity, number of dead plants, and plant growth. The result of the research indicated that the corn rhizosphere obtained 15 isolates of fungi that varied the color, shape of the colony, and growth rate. The highest number of propagules was found in compost decomposed by rhizosphere fungi RF4, while the number of conidia classified as high was found in RF4, Rf, and RF6 compost. All corncob compost decomposed by rhizosphere fungi was able to suppress stem rot disease caused by F. graminearum.

Caulerpa macroalgae is one of the biota that has many benefits, ranging from consumption to being used as a producer of superior products. Currently, the use of Caulerpa has been widely carried out in several areas, ranging from direct use to cultivation. The distribution of Caulerpa is quite wide in shallow habitats from the intertidal zone to the edge of the edge. Caulerpa is also spread in the waters of the Seribu islands which grows in the areas of seagrass beds and coral reefs. The utilization of Caulerpa in Seribu island has not been widely carried out, so data is needed to identify the potential for Caulerpa management. dentification of species, abundance, and ecological index is needed for initial data as a basis for the management and utilization of Caulerpa in Seribu island.