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The Nipa-Nipa Grand Forest Park is a conservation forest area in Southeast Sulawesi. This park has potency of hydrological function and serves as the lungs of Kendari City. Its existence is currently used by residents for agriculture, clean water sources, settlements, and tourism without proper regulation and supervision. Therefore, it has potentially caused monopoly, unilateral control, and conflicts. In line with that, the lack of awareness and initiative from the community and stakeholders in maintaining the sustainability of the Nipa-Nipa Forest triggers uncontrollable damage. This study aims to restore hydrological function and conservation of the Nipa-Nipa by redefining role of stakeholders involved in its governance by using the Participatory Action Research (PAR). This method’s actions consist of participatory mapping, planning, and agreements. The outputs of this approach were an increase of community participation in Nipa-Nipa management, the improved capacity building of Forest Conservation Farmers Groups (KTPH), the enactment of new regulations of the implementation of the Nipa-Nipa Forest Park, and the ratification of the MoU between the Farmers Group (KTPH) and the Nipa-Nipa Forest Management Unit (UPTD). The results of this study were developing a strategy for a better governance system, involving stakeholders in decision making, developing equal and harmonious government-community relations, and developing land-use planning that meets environmental conservation, and small sustainable business development.

Learning conducted by teachers and lecturers will not take place without online management in the current pandemic covid-19. Therefore, the technical guidance organized by LPPM University of Muhammadiyah Enrekang aims to provide teachers and lecturers with understanding and skills on how to manage learning online or online. This stage of research includes analyzing the need for an online learning management platform, conducting technical guidance, and conducting evaluations. After the technical guidance activity, the participants liked the material and speakers in the technical guidance which indicated that the participants understood the material presented by the resource persons. Based on the evaluation results it was found that the implementation of this activity was successful with a high level of attendance of the participants, a level of likeness that was evenly distributed in all material presented by the resource persons, and a very high level of satisfaction with the guidance committee services.

Zooplankton has an important role in waters, especially in the food chain, this organism is the first consumer that plays a major role in bridging the transfer of energy from the main producers to living things at a higher trophic level. The aim of the study was to analyze the coastal waters condition of Fitu Village, Ternate Island based on zooplankton community structure, carried out at 4 stations, and 4 sampling periods. Zooplankton samples were taken by filtering method. The results showed that there were 10 zooplankton genera from 4 classes, namely Ciliates (3 genera), Crustacea (4 genera), Hydrozoa (1 genus), and Rotifera (2 genera). The abundance of zooplankton found ranged from 2271 to 11562 ind.l−1, the highest at station 1 period IV and the lowest at station 4 period I. The value range of zooplankton biological indices were diversity index (H’) = 1.12 - 1.87, evenness index (E) = 0.64 - 0.93, and the dominance index (D) = 0.17 - 0.42. The waters of Fitu are included in the category of waters that have a low fertility level with a diversity index value (H’) of 1.12 - 1.87.

The modeling uses a software-based numerical model DHI MIKE user interface developed by The Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI) Water and Environment, Denmark. Simulation of current uses a 2-dimensional model (averaging to depth) with a finite element approach. Modeling of currents was conducted to know current dynamics by tidal cycle and seasonal variation (west and east monsoon). The models were validated using correlation coefficient value (r) by comparing direct measurement and model output. The r-value for current velocity during west monsoon was 0.653 and east monsoon was 0.697 and for current direct during west monsoon was 0.887 and the east monsoon was 0.857. While the r-value for the tide was 0.858. All these r values showed a strong correlation and these indicated the models were valid. The result of the simulation of the current models showed that the surface currents were strongly influenced by the tidal cycles. The currents direct flowed to the south at flood tide and to the eastern at ebb tide. The maximum current velocity during the west monsoon was 0.50 m/sec and during the east monsoon was 0.40 m/sec. The averages of currents direct were more dominant eastward of Jeneberang estuary.

Indonesia’s geographical location supports the existence of various coffee commodities. As a plantation commodity, coffee has a high economic value. Coffee has a lot of substance that is beneficial to the body, one of is caffeine that serve to increase the stamina. Caffeine is naturally present in many types of plants as secondary metabolism. This research was done to know the content of caffeine in a local Arabica pure coffee with their variation of roasted temperatures. Coffee roasting is a stage of processing coffee beans into ready to grind, which can produce variations in the taste and content of coffee. The roasting process uses a roasting machine that automatically adjusts the roast temperature. Variations of roasted coffee are ground and used as a solution to determine the caffeine content. The determination of the coffee content is carried out using the spectrophotometric method, which measures the absorbance of caffeine in solution when it is passed by electromagnetic waves in the UV-Vis spectrum. The test results showed that the highest caffeine content was on samples of pure Arabica coffee with a roasted temperature of 195°C to 215°C with five levels of coffee roast. Caffeine content in sequential 3.217% and 2.597%.

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic state in the world with abundant natural resources and its geographical location. However, domestic connectivity is one of the major national issues that cause economic disparity among regions in Indonesia. The government is giving attention to maritime infrastructure development, especially port construction. Port construction process, applying other infrastructure construction standard in Indonesia, is started by setting an aim to get profit from the owner company. Then the owner company choose designer consultant to make a Detailed Engineering Design. After that, the tender process is conducted to select Construction Company. Finally, the chosen contractor start the construction. Seafarers, as the intense user of port facilities, have to accept the port condition as it is. Opinions from seafarers regarding the safety and functionality of ports would make the port acceptable for seafarer and could improve working performance at ports and support better-living conditions in the surrounding areas. Thus, the objectives of the paper are to find the criteria of the safe and functional port, to find the safest and most functional port standards from seafarers` point of view, and to propose the recommendation program to improve the level of safety and functionality of the port, especially in Tanjung Perak Port as case study. The discussion will be focused on passenger terminal and RoRo ship, so the seafarers who are onboard the Roro ships are targeted as respondent. Safety of port and functionality of port are defined using 4M Overturned Pyramid (MOP) model. Seven points of criteria of the safe and functional seaport have been obtained. The questionnaire is then created to approach the seafarers’ opinion regarding the safety and functionality of the port. The port that durable in all-weather condition (strong wind, wave height, tide, temperature) is chosen as the safest and most functional port by seafarers.

Based on ship accident data by Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC) from 2018 to 2019, there was 773 ship accidents and 21 of those accidents caused by fire, evacuation process when accident occurred is very important. When it is not working, the number of fatalities will be high. The more number of passengers, the more number fatalities if the evacuation process is not good. Evacuation failure are generally caused by trapped passengers in rooms aboard. Therefore an analysis of passenger evacuation is carried out to determine the risk level of the evacuation route has been created by the designer. The method used in this study uses a model analysis Fire Risk Assessment based on NFPA 551 with a qualitative checklist method. The analysis shows the evacuation route for this research object has not met the passenger safety criteria (SOLAS) related to the number of escape routes both primary and secondary which is lacking and inappropriate and subsequently for evacuation routes passengers pass through areas with a high level of fire risk ranking is 5, therefore re-arrangement of evacuation routes is needed to avoid areas of high fire risk or by re-arrangement of the galley location, especially on the 3rd deck.

This paper presents the power factor correction of the electrical system during the induction motor starting using ETAP power station. There are some problems faced by the electrical system when the motor is started, including voltage drop, high insulation current, and low power factor. The starting motor method used in this paper is starting with VFD. The aim of this research is to improve the power factor during the starting time. The system with a capacitor resulted in a low power factor that lowers the quality of electrical power. By adding capacitor 30 kVAR with each step 0.1 kVAR in the system, the power factor increased to 95.5%.

The Practicum assessment conducted conventionally is gradually replaced with an Android-based system. It aims to support the government program of Making Indonesia 4.0. In this research, the electronics practicum assessment is designed using the App Inventor application. The attendance assessment and initial assignment are designed to obtain an objective grade. Attendance assessment is conducted by making a standard assessment form, determining points obtained by looking at the time of arrival. Assessing the initial task was done by making ten multiple-choice questions for each experiment. The initial assignment assessment form was created in Microsoft Excel to make it easier to import, export data to .csv (comma separated values) to enter the database system. The results obtained from 6 types of initial assignment assessment experiments conducted using the application. There were 5 trials that were successfully run, and there was still one error trial.

This paper presents unit commitment direct current optimal power flow (UCDCOPF) using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) for daily power system generation planning. This method is used to solve optimum operation in an electric power system by scheduling generator status and calculating the optimal power output of each generator in a power system. The calculation of this method considers several constraints in the power system. A modified IEEE 24 bus system is used as a test system to show the ability of the proposed approach.

Technological developments have enabled the use of vehicle number plate recognition in various fields such as parking systems, e-toll payments, handling motor vehicle theft cases, traffic violations and so on. Vehicle number plate characteristics in each country have characteristics that are not the same. Each country has a standard numbering system in its writing method, colour, language and size of the license plate, so that to take the research standards for license plate numbers from other countries is not effective. Special research is needed in accordance with the format of the number plate used by the country, in this case Indonesia. This research applies simple method, morphological operations in detecting vehicle plates in Indonesia. Morphological results will be segmented to get the image of the plate character separately. The test results show that the method applied can provide a maximum accuracy of up to 100% on taking plate images with a distance of 1.5 meters.

Indonesia is an archipelago country with widest mangrove areas in the world. This potential is supported by length the coastline reaches + 81,000 km. As one of city in Indonesia, Kendari surrounded by the bay with temperatures reaching 22-31°C makes it potential to has mangrove forests. But the mangrove areas in Kendari decrease by 30% in recent year. This study aims to determine the level of mangrove fertility so we hope in future we could identify potential area Mapping for Mangrove in Kendari to increase more mangrove area. To analyze the quality of mangroves area through remote sensing data can be used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) method. By utilizing Landsat 7.0 ETM + image can make it easier to get information without touching the object of research. This experiment used fuzzy logic method (Fuzzy Mamdani) to get fertility rate of land soil. The result showed the highest fertility rate of mangrove area is 58,2034 which categorized as Very Good and the lowest score is 36,991 which categorized as Average.

This paper reports a method for measuring for the complex permittivity, permeability and microwave absorption properties of human blood of healthy human body. The proposed measurement method can be a useful technique for microwave absorption properties of human blood. The measurement using a waveguide in the microwave band. In order to measure the s-parameter of human blood, a sample should completely fill in the waveguide end and the samples holder using the vector network analyzer (VNA). The complex permittivity and permeability of human blood are resulted in the frequency range from 7 to 13 GHz. Their complex permeability and permittivity, microwave absorption properties values were calculated. The blood sample has the magnetic loss and magnetic energy dissipation. The reflection loss (RL) of blood sample has different absorption with its minimum value of -3.53 dB at 9.36 GHz.

Human blood has been prepared from healthy human body. Structure, and electrical properties of human blood are studied. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image exhibits a uniform size distribution of thrombocyte of human blood with an average size less than 15 μm. Electrical analysis of the blood sample was measured by linear sweep voltammetry in the potential range between -1 and 1 V with scan rate 50 mV/s to 200 mV/s at room temperature.. At scan rate of 250 mV/s, a peak was clearly observed from 300 mV to 750 mV. The peak should be attributed to an oxidation process of occurred to blood sample.

Seaweeds of the genus Gracilaria are an important aquaculture commodity, commonly cultured in brackish water ponds as well as in coastal waters. In South Sulawesi, Indonesia, the Gracilaria acultured in ponds has been named G. verrucosa, while Gracilaria cultured in coastal waters has been named G. gigas. Morphologically, these two types of Gracilaria do look different. Detailed examination shows that they appear to have similarities. This study aimed to examine whether these two types of Gracilaria are different species or not. The study used morphological characters and COI mitochondrial gene barcoding to assess the Gracilaria types cultured in ponds and coastal waters. Samples were collected from Ujung Baji Village in Takalar Regency, the main seaweed producing region in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The results indicate that both Gracilaria types have similar genetic characteristics as well as shared morphological characters. Based on these analyses, it is considered that both Gracilaria types cultivated may be strains of the same species.

Sandfish Holothuria scabra is a species of high economic value that causes sandfish to be the most captured sea cucumber species, and is an important source of income for fishermen in coastal villages. Sandfish capture causes already over fishing. If the wild population of sandfish is not managed properly, over fishing could cause sandfish extinction. This reason, an alternative efforts are needed to increase sandfish production, such as cultivation and restocking. Sandfish was a species that can live in the estuary region, so that it has the potential to be maintained in brackish water ponds. One of the problems of Sandfish cultivation in the brackish water ponds was the predators attack. This study aims to analyze the predator attack on sandfish. The study was carried out on a microcosm scale by using the tanks. The organism used was Sandfish H. scabra, Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, and seaweed Gracilaria sp. Mangrove Snail attack can cause death if the sandfish has already eviscerated. The healing process takes one to several weeks, depending on the size of the wound. Nile Tilapia attacks were generally not deadly. Death only occurs if the wound is too deep and causes internal organs to come out, but this was very rare. During the study, only one case occurred in which the sandfish died due to the attack of Nile Tilapia. The sandfish that not injured in the ventral side, and does not suffer from evisceration, the mortality was zero. Sandfish wounds heal within one to three weeks, depending on the surface area of the tegument eaten by Nile Tilapia. Healed wounds appear darker in color.

Oil palm plantation in Indonesia is rapidly growing, encouraging the expansion of oil palm plantation area. The expansion estimated may decrease the biodiversity including the butterfly diversity. The research aimed to see the impact of oil palm plantation on the butterfly diversity that occurs in KGP and CNG oil palm plantation. The research was conducted in July 2018 by strip transect method. Impact of the establishment oil palm plantation on butterfly diversity was determined by comparing the current butterflies found on oil palm plantations area with the butterflies found on the baseline (shrub area). The result showed an increase in butterfly diversity and species richness index in KGP and CNG oil palm plantation. Total number of species and richness index in both oil palm plantations area were higher than the baseline area. The establishment of oil palm plantation in KGP oil palm plantation result gaining 22 species and losing 2 species, while in CNG oil palm plantation result is gaining 31 species and losing 5 species.

An increase in oil palm plantation area of ± 9.3 million hectares within 20 years (1997 – 2006) raises concerns of the international communities on the loss of diversity, including butterflies. Butterflies have multiple ecological functions, including as pollinator and ecosystem balancer, hence research about the impact of oil palm plantation development on the loss, gain, and diversity is important to conduct. The research was conducted in March 2018 in PKWE Plantation, West Kalimantan Province, by using Pollard transect method and trap in seven land covers. The land covers consist of two original land covers before made into oil palm plantation, in the form of shrubs and secondary forest, and five land covers after made into oil palm plantation, in the form of old, medium, young oil palm plantation, High Conservation Value (NKT) area, and yard. The total butterfly species found amounted to 49 species, 315 individuals, four families: Papilionidae (8 species), Pieridae (8 species), Nymphalidae (31 species), and Lycanidae (2 species). The highest number of species and diversity were discovered in the High Conservation Value (HCV) area (S=26; Dmg=6.24), while the lowest ones were located in a yard area (S=11; Dmg=2.09). Based on conservation status, there were a butterfly species which is protected namely Troides helena. Regarding the loss and gain of butterfly species, oil palm plantation development had caused a much lower loss than gain. With the loss of five species and gain of 27 species compared to the original land cover in the form of secondary forest, and the loss of three species and gain of 26 species compared to the original land cover in the form of shrubs.

Poverty and income inequality remain serious problem in developing countries, and Indonesia is no exception. The number of poor people in Indonesia was 9.82 percent in 2018. This fact shows that poverty level in Indonesia is still need to reduce. The study deals with the role of zakat in social and economic changes in terms of poverty and food security of poor households after receiving zakat. The research employed qualitative methods. The results show that, pattern of zakat aid distributed by the National Zakat Amil Agency (called, BAZNAS) to the poor households in the form of IDR 300,000 (1USD=14, 000 IDR) in cash and/or rice (non-cash); there are two patterns acts of poor households in utilizing zakat (consumptive patterns and productive patterns). It indicates that, some poor households have been giving production capital, and in turn positively affects poverty reduction and food security situation. It implies that zakat is one possible route to reduce poverty and strengthen household’s food security in the country.

Factor XI Deficiency (FXID) is a genetic defect due to an autosomal recessive allele in dairy cows, thus cause a large economic and productivity loss in livestock. The purpose of this study was to identify the distribution of recessive alleles of FXID in dairy cows in Enrekang regency using the PCR method. A total of 80 DNA samples were isolated from the FH dairy cow blood sample collected from the Enrekang dairy farms (50 samples from Cendana district and 30 samples from Anggeraja District). All DNA samples were amplified by the PCR technique. The identification of the FXID carrier allele was calculated based on the genotype and allele frequencies. Results showed that 1 of 50 samples from Cendana district was FXID heterozygous while none of 30 samples from Anggeraja district showed FXID alleles. This study concluded that there was a normal heterozygous (Ff) FXID carrier in dairy cow population in Enrekang Regency with the allele frequency was 1.25%.

The purpose of this study was to to compare the antibiofim activity of ethanol extract of Abrus precatorius L. roots at various concentrations of the Indonesian isolate of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. The method used included inhibition test of planktonic bacteria and inhibition test of bacterial biofilm. The variable measured is the optical density (OD) of biofilm formation tested by ELISA reader. Inhibition test of biofilm formation is carried out using the microtiter plate method. The results showed that ethanol extract of A. precatorius L. roots had a significant differences in the inhibitory effect on biofilm formation between treatment group and positive control. The linear regression test showed that antibiofilm activity of ethanol extract of A. precatorius L. roots was slightly stronger on blood MSSA isolate. Therefore, the ethanol extract of A. precatorius L. roots have antibiofilm activity for MSSA isolate.