1. Letter of intent for KM3NeT 2.0
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S Adrián-Martínez, M Ageron, F Aharonian, S Aiello, A Albert, F Ameli, E Anassontzis, M Andre, G Androulakis, M Anghinolfi, G Anton, M Ardid, T Avgitas, G Barbarino, E Barbarito, B Baret, J Barrios-Martí, B Belhorma, A Belias, E Berbee, A van den Berg, V Bertin, S Beurthey, V van Beveren, N Beverini, S Biagi, A Biagioni, M Billault, M Bondì, R Bormuth, B Bouhadef, G Bourlis, S Bourret, C Boutonnet, M Bouwhuis, C Bozza, R Bruijn, J Brunner, E Buis, J Busto, G Cacopardo, L Caillat, M Calamai, D Calvo, A Capone, L Caramete, S Cecchini, S Celli, C Champion, R Cherkaoui El Moursli, S Cherubini, T Chiarusi, M Circella, L Classen, R Cocimano, J A B Coelho, A Coleiro, S Colonges, R Coniglione, M Cordelli, A Cosquer, P Coyle, A Creusot, G Cuttone, A D’Amico, G De Bonis, G De Rosa, C De Sio, F Di Capua, I Di Palma, A F Díaz García, C Distefano, C Donzaud, D Dornic, Q Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, E Drakopoulou, D Drouhin, L Drury, M Durocher, T Eberl, S Eichie, D van Eijk, I El Bojaddaini, N El Khayati, D Elsaesser, A Enzenhöfer, F Fassi, P Favali, P Fermani, G Ferrara, C Filippidis, G Frascadore, L A Fusco, T Gal, S Galatà, F Garufi, P Gay, M Gebyehu, V Giordano, N Gizani, R Gracia, K Graf, T Grégoire, G Grella, R Habel, S Hallmann, H van Haren, S Harissopulos, T Heid, A Heijboer, E Heine, S Henry, J J Hernández-Rey, M Hevinga, J Hofestädt, C M F Hugon, G Illuminati, C W James, P Jansweijer, M Jongen, M de Jong, M Kadler, O Kalekin, A Kappes, U F Katz, P Keller, G Kieft, D Kießling, E N Koffeman, P Kooijman, A Kouchner, V Kulikovskiy, R Lahmann, P Lamare, A Leisos, E Leonora, M Lindsey Clark, A Liolios, C D Llorens Alvarez, D Lo Presti, H Löhner, A Lonardo, M Lotze, S Loucatos, E Maccioni, K Mannheim, A Margiotta, A Marinelli, O Mariş, C Markou, J A Martínez-Mora, A Martini, R Mele, K W Melis, T Michael, P Migliozzi, E Migneco, P Mijakowski, A Miraglia, C M Mollo, M Mongelli, M Morganti, A Moussa, P Musico, M Musumeci, S Navas, C A Nicolau, I Olcina, C Olivetto, A Orlando, A Papaikonomou, R Papaleo, G E Păvălaş, H Peek, C Pellegrino, C Perrina, M Pfutzner, P Piattelli, K Pikounis, G E Poma, V Popa, T Pradier, F Pratolongo, G Pühlhofer, S Pulvirenti, L Quinn, C Racca, F Raffaelli, N Randazzo, P Rapidis, P Razis, D Real, L Resvanis, J Reubelt, G Riccobene, C Rossi, A Rovelli, M Saldaña, I Salvadori, D F E Samtleben, A Sánchez García, A Sánchez Losa, M Sanguineti, A Santangelo, D Santonocito, P Sapienza, F Schimmel, J Schmelling, V Sciacca, M Sedita, T Seitz, I Sgura, F Simeone, I Siotis, V Sipala, B Spisso, M Spurio, G Stavropoulos, J Steijger, S M Stellacci, D Stransky, M Taiuti, Y Tayalati, D Tézier, S Theraube, L Thompson, P Timmer, C Tönnis, L Trasatti, A Trovato, A Tsirigotis, S Tzamarias, E Tzamariudaki, B Vallage, V Van Elewyck, J Vermeulen, P Vicini, S Viola, D Vivolo, M Volkert, G Voulgaris, L Wiggers, J Wilms, E de Wolf, K Zachariadou, J D Zornoza, J Zúñiga, Adrian-Martinez, S., Ageron, M., Aharonian, F., Aiello, S., Albert, A., Ameli, F., Anassontzis, E., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Avgitas, T., Barbarino, G., Barbarito, E., Baret, B., Barrios-Marti, J., Belhorma, B., Belias, A., Berbee, E., Van Den Berg, A., Bertin, V., Beurthey, S., Van Beveren, V., Beverini, N., Biagi, S., Biagioni, A., Billault, M., Bondi, M., Bormuth, R., Bouhadef, B., Bourlis, G., Bourret, S., Boutonnet, C., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Buis, E., Busto, J., Cacopardo, G., Caillat, L., Calamai, M., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Cecchini, S., Celli, S., Champion, C., El Moursli, R. C., Cherubini, S., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Classen, L., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Colonges, S., Coniglione, R., Cordelli, M., Cosquer, A., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cuttone, G., D'Amico, A., De Bonis, G., De Rosa, G., De Sio, C., Di Capua, F., Di Palma, I., Diaz Garcia, A. F., Distefano, C., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, Q., Drakopoulou, E., Drouhin, D., Drury, L., Durocher, M., Eberl, T., Eichie, S., Van Eijk, D., El Bojaddaini, I., El Khayati, N., Elsaesser, D., Enzenhofer, A., Fassi, F., Favali, P., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippidis, C., Frascadore, G., Fusco, L. A., Gal, T., Galata, S., Garufi, F., Gay, P., Gebyehu, M., Giordano, V., Gizani, N., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Gregoire, T., Grella, G., Habel, R., Hallmann, S., Van Haren, H., Harissopulos, S., Heid, T., Heijboer, A., Heine, E., Henry, S., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hevinga, M., Hofestadt, J., Hugon, C. M. F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jansweijer, P., Jongen, M., De Jong, M., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Kappes, A., Katz, U. F., Keller, P., Kieft, G., Kiessling, D., Koffeman, E. N., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lamare, P., Leisos, A., Leonora, E., Clark, M. L., Liolios, A., Alvarez, C. D. L., Lo Presti, D., Lohner, H., Lonardo, A., Lotze, M., Loucatos, S., Maccioni, E., Mannheim, K., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Maris, O., Markou, C., Martinez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Mele, R., Melis, K. W., Michael, T., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miraglia, A., Mollo, C. M., Mongelli, M., Morganti, M., Moussa, A., Musico, P., Musumeci, M., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Olcina, I., Olivetto, C., Orlando, A., Papaikonomou, A., Papaleo, R., Pavalas, G. E., Peek, H., Pellegrino, C., Perrina, C., Pfutzner, M., Piattelli, P., Pikounis, K., Poma, G. E., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Pratolongo, F., Puhlhofer, G., Pulvirenti, S., Quinn, L., Racca, C., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Rapidis, P., Razis, P., Real, D., Resvanis, L., Reubelt, J., Riccobene, G., Rossi, C., Rovelli, A., Saldana, M., Salvadori, I., Samtleben, D. F. E., Garcia, A. S., Losa, A. S., Sanguineti, M., Santangelo, A., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schimmel, F., Schmelling, J., Sciacca, V., Sedita, M., Seitz, T., Sgura, I., Simeone, F., Siotis, I., Sipala, V., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, G., Steijger, J., Stellacci, S. M., Stransky, D., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tezier, D., Theraube, S., Thompson, L., Timmer, P., Tonnis, C., Trasatti, L., Trovato, A., Tsirigotis, A., Tzamarias, S., Tzamariudaki, E., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Vermeulen, J., Vicini, P., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Volkert, M., Voulgaris, G., Wiggers, L., Wilms, J., De Wolf, E., Zachariadou, K., Zornoza, J. D., Zuniga, J., Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Research unit Nuclear & Hadron Physics, Adrián-Martínez, S., Barrios-Martí, J., Bondì, M., El Moursli, R. Cherkaoui, Coelho, J.A.B., Díaz García, A.F., Enzenhöfer, A., Fusco, L.A., Galatà, S., Grégoire, T., Hernández-Rey, J.J., Hofestädt, J., Hugon, C.M.F., James, C.W., Katz, U.F., Kießling, D., Koffeman, E.N., Clark, M. Lindsey, Alvarez, C.D. Lloren, Löhner, H., Mariş, O., Martínez-Mora, J.A., Melis, K.W., Mollo, C.M., Nicolau, C.A., Pǎvǎlaş, G.E., Poma, G.E., Pühlhofer, G., Saldaña, M., Samtleben, D.F.E., García, A. Sánchez, Losa, A. Sánchez, Stellacci, S.M., Tézier, D., Tönnis, C., Zornoza, J.D., Zúñiga, J., Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Km3NeT Collaboration, Adrián Martínez, S., Barbarino, Giancarlo, Barrios Martí, J., DE ROSA, Gianfranca, DI CAPUA, Francesco, Díaz García, A. F., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Garufi, Fabio, Hernández Rey, J. J., Alvarez, C. D. Lloren, Martínez Mora, J. A., Mele, Rosa, Pǎvǎlaş, G. E., Vivolo, Daniele, Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LAB - Laboratori d'Aplicacions Bioacústiques, Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Other Research IHEF (IoP, FNWI), IoP (FNWI), Adrian-Martinez, S, Ageron, M, Aharonian, F, Aiello, S, Albert, A, Ameli, F, Anassontzis, E, Andre, M, Androulakis, G, Anghinolfi, M, Anton, G, Ardid, M, Avgitas, T, Barbarino, G, Barbarito, E, Baret, B, Barrios-Marti, J, Belhorma, B, Belias, A, Berbee, E, van den Berg, A, Bertin, V, Beurthey, S, van Beveren, V, Beverini, N, Biagi, S, Biagioni, A, Billault, M, Bondi, M, Bormuth, R, Bouhadef, B, Bourlis, G, Bourret, S, Boutonnet, C, Bouwhuis, M, Bozza, C, Bruijn, R, Brunner, J, Buis, E, Busto, J, Cacopardo, G, Caillat, L, Calamai, M, Calvo, D, Capone, A, Caramete, L, Cecchini, S, Celli, S, Champion, C, El Moursli, Rc, Cherubini, S, Chiarusi, T, Circella, M, Classen, L, Cocimano, R, Coelho, Jab, Coleiro, A, Colonges, S, Coniglione, R, Cordelli, M, Cosquer, A, Coyle, P, Creusot, A, Cuttone, G, D'Amico, A, De Bonis, G, De Rosa, G, De Sio, C, Di Capua, F, Di Palma, I, Garcia, Afd, Distefano, C, Donzaud, C, Dornic, D, Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, Q, Drakopoulou, E, Drouhin, D, Drury, L, Durocher, M, Eberl, T, Eichie, S, van Eijk, D, El Bojaddaini, I, El Khayati, N, Elsaesser, D, Enzenhofer, A, Fassi, F, Favali, P, Fermani, P, Ferrara, G, Filippidis, C, Frascadore, G, Fusco, La, Gal, T, Galata, S, Garufi, F, Gay, P, Gebyehu, M, Giordano, V, Gizani, N, Gracia, R, Graf, K, Gregoire, T, Grella, G, Habel, R, Hallmann, S, van Haren, H, Harissopulos, S, Heid, T, Heijboer, A, Heine, E, Henry, S, Hernandez-Rey, Jj, Hevinga, M, Hofestadt, J, Hugon, Cmf, Illuminati, G, James, Cw, Jansweijer, P, Jongen, M, de Jong, M, Kadler, M, Kalekin, O, Kappes, A, Katz, Uf, Keller, P, Kieft, G, Kiessling, D, Koffeman, En, Kooijman, P, Kouchner, A, Kulikovskiy, V, Lahmann, R, Lamare, P, Leisos, A, Leonora, E, Clark, Ml, Liolios, A, Alvarez, Cdl, Lo Presti, D, Lohner, H, Lonardo, A, Lotze, M, Loucatos, S, Maccioni, E, Mannheim, K, Margiotta, A, Marinelli, A, Maris, O, Markou, C, Martinez-Mora, Ja, Martini, A, Mele, R, Melis, Kw, Michael, T, Migliozzi, P, Migneco, E, Mijakowski, P, Miraglia, A, Mollo, Cm, Mongelli, M, Morganti, M, Moussa, A, Musico, P, Musumeci, M, Navas, S, Nicolau, Ca, Olcina, I, Olivetto, C, Orlando, A, Papaikonomou, A, Papaleo, R, Pavalas, Ge, Peek, H, Pellegrino, C, Perrina, C, Pfutzner, M, Piattelli, P, Pikounis, K, Poma, Ge, Popa, V, Pradier, T, Pratolongo, F, Puhlhofer, G, Pulvirenti, S, Quinn, L, Racca, C, Raffaelli, F, Randazzo, N, Rapidis, P, Razis, P, Real, D, Resvanis, L, Reubelt, J, Riccobene, G, Rossi, C, Rovelli, A, Saldana, M, Salvadori, I, Samtleben, Dfe, Garcia, A, Losa, A, Sanguineti, M, Santangelo, A, Santonocito, D, Sapienza, P, Schimmel, F, Schmelling, J, Sciacca, V, Sedita, M, Seitz, T, Sgura, I, Simeone, F, Siotis, I, Sipala, V, Spisso, B, Spurio, M, Stavropoulos, G, Steijger, J, Stellacci, Sm, Stransky, D, Taiuti, M, Tayalati, Y, Tezier, D, Theraube, S, Thompson, L, Timmer, P, Tonnis, C, Trasatti, L, Trovato, A, Tsirigotis, A, Tzamarias, S, Tzamariudaki, E, Vallage, B, Van Elewyck, V, Vermeulen, J, Vicini, P, Viola, S, Vivolo, D, Volkert, M, Voulgaris, G, Wiggers, L, Wilms, J, de Wolf, E, Zachariadou, K, Zornoza, Jd, and Zuniga, J
- Subjects
HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Computer science ,Deep sea neutrino telescope ,Física::Física de partícules [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Field of view ,Electron ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,String (physics) ,KM3NeT ,ARCA ,ORCA ,neutrino astronomy ,neutrino astrophysics ,neutrino mass hierarchy ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Relativistic particle ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,neutrino physics ,deep sea neutrino telescope ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,GAMMA-RAY BURSTS ,OPT - Optics ,TS - Technical Sciences ,Industrial Innovation ,[SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE] ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät ,16. Peace & justice ,COSMIC-RAYS ,Neutrino mass hierarchy ,Neutrino physics ,Neutrino astronomy ,Nano Technology ,Neutrino ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,SUPER-KAMIOKANDE ,MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Hochenergie-Astrophysik Theorie - Abteilung Hofmann ,FOS: Physical sciences ,PARAMETRIC-RESONANCE ,0103 physical sciences ,ddc:530 ,Neutrins ,14. Life underwater ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,010306 general physics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Cherenkov radiation ,Block (data storage) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,SIGNAL (programming language) ,neutrino physic ,Astronomy ,Galactic plane ,Neutrino astrophysics ,[SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM] ,FISICA APLICADA ,ddc:520 ,ICECUBE DATA ,ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINOS ,GALACTIC-CENTER - Abstract
The authors would like to thank D Allard, A Esmaili, G Fogli, O Mena, K Murase, S Palomares Ruiz, E Parizot, S T Petcov, S Razzaque, D Semikoz, A Yu Smirnov, F L Villante, F Vissani and R Zukanovich Funchal for their support and valuable discussions and suggestions in preparing this Letter of Intent., The main objectives of the KM3NeT Collaboration are (i) the discovery and subsequent observation of high-energy neutrino sources in the Universe and (ii) the determination of the mass hierarchy of neutrinos. These objectives are strongly motivated by two recent important discoveries, namely: (1) the highenergy astrophysical neutrino signal reported by IceCube and (2) the sizable contribution of electron neutrinos to the third neutrino mass eigenstate as reported by Daya Bay, Reno and others. To meet these objectives, the KM3NeT Collaboration plans to build a new Research Infrastructure consisting of a network of deep-sea neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea. A phased and distributed implementation is pursued which maximises the access to regional funds, the availability of human resources and the synergistic opportunities for the Earth and sea sciences community. Three suitable deep-sea sites are selected, namely off-shore Toulon (France), Capo Passero (Sicily, Italy) and Pylos (Peloponnese, Greece). The infrastructure will consist of three so-called building blocks. A building block comprises 115 strings, each string comprises 18 optical modules and each optical module comprises 31 photo-multiplier tubes. Each building block thus constitutes a threedimensional array of photo sensors that can be used to detect the Cherenkov light produced by relativistic particles emerging from neutrino interactions. Two building blocks will be sparsely configured to fully explore the IceCube signal with similar instrumented volume, different methodology, improved resolution and complementary field of view, including the galactic plane. One building block will be densely configured to precisely measure atmospheric neutrino oscillations., The authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commission Européenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), IdEx program and UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cité (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02), France; The General Secretariat of Research and Technology (GSRT), Greece; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell’Universitàe della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy; Agence de l’Oriental and CNRST, Morocco; Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Nederlandseorganisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), The Netherlands; National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Plan Estatal de Investigación (refs. FPA2015-65150-C3-1-P, -2-P and -3-P, (MINECO/FEDER)), Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence and MultiDark Consolider (MINECO), and Prometeo and Grisolía programs (Generalitat Valenciana), Spain. The KM3NeT collaboration has received funding from the European Community Sixth Framework Programme under Contract 011937 and the Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement 212525.
- Published
- 2016
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