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In this research, we investigated the comparative analysis of weeds species composition in the crops of spring soft wheat cultivated using organic and intensive technologies (on the example of Altai Krai) in 2019-2020. On average, over two years, the intensive technology of growing spring wheat has shown better results than the organic one. So, weediness in crops with organic technology was 4 times higher than with intensive technology. Annual monocotyledonous prevailed 133.2 psc/m2 (organic technology), with intensive technology there were 98.4 psc/m2 less. Without the use of chemicals for plant protection and fertilization, in our experience, not only there were more weeds, but this directly influenced the yield of this crop.

The article presents the results of studying the effect of growth-stimulating preparations on the spring wheat yield: humates and obtained by explosive autohydrolysis from vegetable raw materials (pine needles, oat chaff, sunflower husks, high-moor peat). The experiment was carried out in the Ob region forest-steppe conditions. It is shown that the highest yields are formed when seeds are treated with the preparations based on pine needles and Lignohumate. The coefficient of variability of the attribute “Yield” over the years did not exceed 10%, which shows the stability of it formation by the experimental variants.

The paper presents data on the influence of the preceding crops on the soil moisture content under the spring soft wheat fields in the conditions of the moderately dry steppe in Altai Krai. The wheat was sown after three different predecessors: legumes, row crops and fallows. The total soil moisture content in the one-meter layer had been decreased from the beginning to the end of the vegetation period. The preceding crops have a significant influence on this indicator. This must be taken into account for the development of technology for environmentally sustainable and efficient spring soft wheat production.

The paper presents data on the influence of the sowing coulters type on the seeding quality and the spring wheat yield in the conditions of the steppe part of Altai Krai. For the grain sowing, seeders are used with the most common types of the sowing coulters such as V-shaped, chisel and disk openers. The wheat was sown after the fallows, the peas and the wheat forecrops. The chisel openers provided the highest sowing quality of wheat seeds. Also the maximum efficiency of the spring wheat cultivation in the extra dry steppe conditions (2012) was achieved by the chisel sowing coulters. In the years with the moderately dry conditions (2006-2011) in the steppe the seeders with the various types of the sowing coulters do not significantly affect the yield structure constituent elements; to a greater extent it depended on the forecrops, the maximal wheat yield was obtained after the fallow.

The authors discuss the use of the resonance fluorescence method with laser pumping of optical transitions of excited hydrogen atoms for high-temperature plasma diagnostics. The calculations were performed for the Balmer Hα line, λ = 6563 A. The conclusions reached may also be generalized to other hydrogen lines. Experimental results obtained on the FT-1 tokamak are presented and discussed.