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The Hamiltonian of the four-body problem for a lithium atom is expanded in series. The level shift and level formula of a lithium atom in Rydberg states are achieved by means of the calculation of polarization of the atomic core (including the contribution of dipole, quadrupole and octupole components). We also consider the effect of relativity theory, the orbital angular momentum L and the spin angular momentum S coupling scheme (LS coupling) and high-order correction of the effective potential to the level shift. The fine structure splitting (N = 5-12, L = 4-9, J = L ± 1/2) and level intervals in Rydberg states have been calculated by the above-mentioned formula and compared with recent experimental data.

We fabricate p-type conductive ZnO thin films on quartz glass substrates by codoping of In-N using radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique together with the direct implantation of acceptor dopants (nitrogen). The effects of thermal annealing on the structure and electrical properties of the ZnO films are investigated by an x-ray diffractometer (XRD) and a Hall measurement system. It is found that the best p-type ZnO film subjected to annealed exhibits excellent electrical properties with a hole concentration of 1.22 × 1018 cm−3, a Hall mobility of 2.19cm2V−1s−1, and a low resistivity of about 2.33Ωcm, indicating that the presence of In may facilitates the incorporation of N into ZnO thin films.

Based on the analysis and the discussion of the influence of thermal ionization energy and various scatterings on magnetoresistance(MR) of p-type diamond films, a revised model of valence band split-off over temperature is put forward, and a corresponding calculation formula is given for the MR of p-type diamond films (Corbino discs). It is shown that the theoretical calculation that the MR of diamond films changes with temperature is consistent with the experiment. The influence of Fermi energy level on MR of diamond films is discussed. Additionally, the thermal effect mechanism of MR in p-type diamond films is also explored.