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Dairy production has a considerable effect on climate change due to emissions of greenhouse gases, but dairy products are meals that are well-known for their pleasant taste and nutritional value. During the Covid-19 outbreak, there were shortages of dairy goods on the shelves of grocery stores. This study investigated the consumption patterns of dairy products in Sabah. Using a pre-tested questionnaire, data were collected through online survey during Covid-19 outbreaks from 64 households comprising 16 from rural, 25 from town and 23 from city areas. The surveyed households were classified into 5 groups based on monthly household income: (i) ≤RM2000, (ii) RM2001-RM3000, (iii) RM3001-RM4000 and (iv) >RM4000. Among the participated households, 75% of respondents were female and 25% were male. There was a significant relationship among household income groups for fresh milk consumption. Regardless of areas and household incomes, the average monthly consumption for evaporated milk, fresh milk, condensed milk, powder milk, sweetmeats, yogurt, butter and ice cream per household were 1018g, 1425ml, 978g, 815g, 527g, 468g, 522g, and 650g, respectively. 28% of respondents monthly consumed 0.5-1.0 L fresh milk per household. 42%, 39%, 39%, 63%, 58%, 64% and 50% of respondents-- respectively-- monthly consumed evaporated milk, condensed milk, powder milk, sweetmeats, yogurt, butter and ice cream, where the amount of each component was not more than 500g per household. Results showed that 38% of respondents liked more on butter followed by cheese (30%), yogurt (20%), cream (9%) and condensed milk (3%). The 25% and 45% of respondents had reduced their consumption and expenditure behaviour, respectively. Results indicated that individual of city areas consumed more dairy products. Although cows add methane to our environment, organic dairy farming and husbandry methods can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emission.

Date Palm Pollen Grain (DPPG) were proved to maintain semen characteristics and quality in bulls, equines, and buffaloes. However, DPPG as supplementation in the extender for goats are scarce. Hence, the aims of this research were to investigate the semen motility and viability and to examine the functional membrane integrity of semen in different concentrations of DPPG supplemented in goat semen extenders. In this study, DPPG was added with 4% and 8% in tris-citrate-fructose-yolk (TCFY) semen extender and chilled at 5°C for 0, 24 and 48 hours. The diluted semen samples were assessed for sperm motility, viability, and membrane integrity. A total of four ejaculations from two Boer bucks were used in this study. The results indicated that the ability to maintain sperm viability was significantly higher in the extender supplemented with 8% DPPG in all storage times (P

The production approbation of silos prepared from legume-cereal grass mixtures with the use of an unconventional feed crop – eastern goat and preserved with Biosib biopreparation in experimental versions was carried out. The chemical composition and nutritional value of feed were determined, the structure of feeding rations was calculated, the dose of the energy feed additive was determined. In the balance experiment, the digestibility of the main nutrients of feed was calculated, the hematology of blood was studied. The productivity, costs of concentrated feed and energy for the production of 1 kg of milk are estimated, the main physical, chemical and technological properties of milk from the point of view of butter production are studied, the economic efficiency of using silos in the feeding rations of dairy cows is established.

Helicobacter pylori infection is commonly associated with gastroduodenal diseases in humans, such as chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and even gastric cancer, which leads to high cost to society for treatment and even to death many people, when people do not know early of the infection prevalence. In this work we proposed a forecasting model to predict the infection prevalence. Based on our results society can make simple early prevention acts against the infection. The early prevention acts decrease the cost of treatment and save many people’s lives in the world.

More studies trend to hybrid the game theory technique with the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method to aid real-life problems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the hybrid game theory technique and MCDM method. The fundamentals of game theory concepts and models are explained to make game theory principles clear to the readers. Moreover, the definitions and models are elaborated and classified to the static game, dynamic game, cooperative game and evolutionary game. Therefore, the hybrid game theory technique and MCDM method are reviewed and numerous applications studied from the past works of literature are highlighted. The result of the previous studies shows that the fundamental elements for both frameworks were studied in various ways with most of the past studies tend to integrate the static game with AHP and TOPSIS methods. Also, the integration of game theory techniques and MCDM methods was studied in various applications such as politics, economy, supply chain, engineering, water management problem, allocation problem and telecommunication network selection. The main contribution of the recent studies of employment between game theory technique and MCDM method are analyzed and discussed in detail which includes static and dynamic games in the non-cooperative game, cooperative game, both non-cooperative and cooperative games and evolutionary game.

The effectiveness of the teaching and learning process by educators plays a significant role for countries to prepare students’ potential in the forthcoming new industrial revolution (IR). However, the current COVID-19 pandemic and dynamic changes in the curriculum have created a significant shift of emphasis to educators. Hence, the teaching and learning process problems nowadays, including selecting appropriate effectiveness learning, have become a tough decision for educators. It can be solved using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. The MCDM technique is widely applied and accepted in various fields but less in the teaching and learning context. This paper reviews and analyses the type of decision problems that were paid most attention to MCDM approaches, the adopted fuzzy set theory as well as inadequacies of those approaches. The purpose is to analyse and identify the literature review related to the applications of MCDM in education so new attributes and appropriate MCDM models for decision making can be suggested. The process involved comparing and analysing the MCDM application and fuzzy set theory in education by reviewing related articles in international scientific journals and well-known international conferences. Some improvements and more future works are recommended based on the inadequacies. The reviewed result may create an interest to the Ministry of Education (MoE) as it proposes teaching and learning process improvement, which will help to achieve greater satisfaction among educators and students.

The pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) is the protein of binucleated cells in the ruminant’s placenta. It contains several antigenic variants, which contributed to the ability to detect pregnancy from day 20 of pregnancy until parturition. In this research, the main objective is to determine the concentration of PSPB in serum and urine and their relation to Kedah-Kelantan (KK) cattle’s parity and live weight. Ten cattle (n=10) were selected for this study. The blood serum (2 ml) and urine samples were collected at days 0, 24, 42, and 164 post artificial insemination (AI). All the samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes at 4°C. The serum and urine were analyzed with competitive ELISA test kit and read at 450 nm wavelength speed. The standard OD value provided by the kit created the equation to calculate the concentration of PSPB in the serum and blood. Then, the correlation and multiple linear regression of parity and live weight were analyzed with a significant level of P < 0.01. Through the finding, the live weight and parity were positive correlate with PSPB in serum. The relationship between live weight and PSPB concentration in urine showed a negative correlation but there no correlation between parity and PSPB concentration in urine. The regression analysis result was 35% and 36% for PSPB concentration in serum and urine, respectively. This study suggests that cattle parity and live weight did not significantly affect the PSPB concentration.

The high irreversibility caused by the expansion valve in the conventional transcritical CO2 heat pump cycle has been reported as the major drawback on the overall system performance. To overcome this problem and recover some of the energy lost, different isentropic expansion devices such as turbine expander and two phase ejector have been proposed. This study aims to numerically compare the performance of the transcrtical CO2 heat pump in terms of first and second law of thermodynamics. In addition, the energy recovered by the two phase ejector and the turbine expander cycles have been evaluated. The pressure recovery and entrainment ratio in the ejector device were investigated comprehensively. Two numerical models using MATLAB and ASPEN PLUS software have been developed, and REFPROP database was used to estimate the refrigerant thermophysical properties. The results showed that the heating coefficient of performance (COPh) of the ejector cycle is higher than that of the turbine and valve cycles by 10.15 % and 20.84 % respectively. In addition, the ejector cycle has the highest second law efficiency (0.1) and the recovered energy is (0.63 kW) compared to (0.107 kW) gained by the turbine cycle. The ejector device has the least exergy destruction (0.2 kW) and can recover 0.7 Mpa of the pressure losses.

Electronic cooling plays a role in removing the electronic equipment’s heat rate to prevent failure from occurring. Electronic cooling performance is based on many parameters, such as thermal characteristics and material type design. Pure aluminium, copper – aluminium, and aluminium - beryllium are selected for predicting the performance of a heat sink. It was observed that the presence of Aluminium-copper alloy raises the performance of the heat sink compared with that of the pure aluminium. In contrast, the heat sink performance using aluminium - beryllium alloy was less than that of the reference material (pure aluminium). It was found that the heat dissipated from the heat sink increases by 1.4 % with using aluminium-copper alloy instead of using pure aluminium while the heat dissipated drops by 2% with using aluminium - beryllium alloy compared with that of using pure aluminium. Further, the heat sink mass decreases with the use of the aluminium-beryllium and increases with using copper - aluminium instead of pure aluminium. Whereas the mass of the heat sink using aluminium-copper alloy is higher than that of the pure aluminium by 2.3% while the mass of the heat sink using aluminium - beryllium alloy is less than that of the pure aluminium by 2.4%.

This study aims to determine the implementation process and the results of the application of VBA-assisted mathematical learning media for excel games in an effort to improve the English language skills of early childhood. The formulation of the problem in this study is whether mathematical learning media assisted VBA for excel games can improve the English language skills of early childhood? As well as how the implementation process, the results of the implementation of research, advantages, and disadvantages after the implementation of mathematical learning media. The approach used in this study is the quasi-experimental research method. The population in this study was in group B which amounted to 20 samples of early childhood. Based on the results of the study that there was an increase in English language skills of early childhood through VBA-assisted mathematical learning media for excel games. While the learning media applied in early childhood is successfully implemented, early childhood shows an active, enthusiastic, and happy attitude when learning takes place. Then it can be concluded that the application of VBA-assisted mathematical learning media for excel games in an effort to improve English language skills in early childhood takes place well and smoothly. Early childhood looks more active, creative and confident in learning English, so they can digest the media well in an effort to improve their English language skills.

A minimal extension of the Standard Model with the gauge grup SU(2)⊗U(1)⊗Z2 has been built. In this theory, there are three scalar fields, namely two doublet Φ and η and one singlet Φs. The scalar field mass of Φs is found to be greater than the mass of η and the scalar field mass of η is greater than the mass of Φ (mΦs > mη > mΦ).

This study examines the nature of the day-to-day variability of individual activity space in Seri Iskandar Malaysia using simple regression analysis. The results show that individuals’ time allocation to undertake in-home and out-of-home mandatory activities, household income, access to motorised mode, commute distance and perceived accessibility from home to some basic amenities significantly associate with the spread of individuals’ out-of-home activity locations. However, time spent for performing in-home and out-of-home activities, number of trips, and commute distance associate with how far individuals’ out-of-home activity locations from their home is. Longer time-use to undertake in-home and out-of-home activities negatively correlate with the spread of out-of-home activity locations, whereas commitments to undertake out-of-home discretionary activities will be conducted near a home base location. When someone is from richer household, he/she will visit out-of-home activity locations farther from his/her home and more spread out. When someone resides within an area farther from government office areas, he/she will have more spread out activity locations.

Eco-friendly car is expected to be the next driving market force for global transportation and technology due to its paramount importance towards the sustainability of the environment and society. However, the actual sales of eco-friendly car are not that convincing and it is even decreasing because the consumer is still uncertain to consider eco-friendly as one of the criteria for them to buy their cars. This situation is worsen by the lack of information and awareness regarding sustainability transportation initiatives. Due to the uncertainty and vague understanding of the consumer about this problem, this paper attempts to investigate the current preference of consumer to buy their cars, and whether they really need to buy the eco-friendly car by using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) which implements the Intuitive Vectorial Centroid (IVC). Based on FAHP, the imprecise or fuzzy judgment from the decision maker can be incorporated, to anticipate a better decision for eco-friendly car selection. The outcome of FAHP is compared with crisp Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the findings shows that FAHP can provide an accurate and consistent result with AHP, although it deals with fuzzy judgment inputs from multiple decision makers.

By gleaning insights from the data, fuzzy clustering capable to learn from data, identify patterns and make decision with minimum human intervention. However, it cannot simply study in detail regarding the quality of data, particularly knowledge of human being. Since the data are collected through decision-makers, the quality and human knowledge of the particular data are crucial factors to be considered. Compared to classical fuzzy numbers, z-numbers has ability to describe the human knowledge because it has both restraint and reliability part in its definition. Consequently, the implementation of z-numbers in fuzzy clustering algorithm is taken into consideration, where it has more authority to describe the knowledge of human being and extensively used in uncertain information development. Thus, there are two objectives of this paper; (i) to propose a reliable fuzzy clustering algorithm using z-numbers and; (ii) to cluster the Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients based on the selected indicators to identify which cluster the patients belongs to (Cluster 0, Cluster 1, Cluster 2, Cluster 3 or Cluster 4) based on the membership functions defined. A case study of the CKD patients with the selected indicators is considered to demonstrate the capability of z-numbers to handle the knowledge of human being and uncertain information and also will present the idea in developing a robust and reliable fuzzy clustering algorithm particularly in dealing with knowledge of human being using z-numbers.

A ground gravity survey was conducted over the Blawan-Ijen geothermal area covering about 176 km2 area. A total of 72 stations were measured with 1.0 ? 1.5 km spacing. The data obtained were then processed using several corrections for gravity data to get Complete Bouguer Anomaly (CBA). The gravity method was chosen because of the ability to detect geological structures corresponding to the rocks density of the field study. Two types of gravity technique, First Horizontal Derivative (FHD) and Euler Deconvolution (ED), have become widely used to interpret the structure condition. FHD technique delineates a geological boundary of different density body while ED technique estimates a source location and depth of structures. Furthermore, 3-D inversion of magetotelluric data result was also used as a reference to support 2-D gravity forward modeling. The main structure which probably controlled the emergence of Blawan-Ijen hotspring is indicated by maximum FHD value at the northern part area. Moreover, the ED result shows the depth of structures in Blawan-Ijen geothermal area is mostly about 250 ? 1000 meters.