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A novel Al-doped PbO2 electrode with high oxygen evolution potential and electrochemical oxidation performance is prepared by electrodeposition technique. The Al-doped PbO2 electrode has significant improvements in electrochemical oxidation ability and electrode stability. From the morphological point of view, the introduction of Al3+ limits crystal particles and produces compact films. The films have better electrochemical oxidation ability and we demonstrated that by oxidizing aspirin. We found that the energy saving (using EE/O calculations) can be up to 34% after Al3+ doping. Meanwhile, Al-doped PbO2 electrode showed higher reusability and stability than undoped PbO2 electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a modified 2D cardiac tissue model, the spiral-wave dynamics is numerically studied. The diversity in the cardiac tissue is considered by letting the value of a dynamical parameter ―gCa Gaussian distributed. It is found that, comparing to the dynamical parameter I0 of the model, the spiral waves in the cardiac tissue are much robust to the diversity. Only strong diversity can destroy the spiral waves. It is intriguing that although the weak diversity can not suppress the spiral, it can induce the transition of spiral tips between different types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]