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In this paper, we report an experimental activity suitable for undergraduate students that makes them question their ideas about locality and realism. The experiment here reported complements previous educational approaches to Bell inequalities, since the usually called S function, that quantifies correlations, is mapped by measuring it for different detection angles. The students themselves worked in a pre-aligned setup that allowed them to test and violate the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt–Bell inequality for two distant photons entangled in polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theoretical study about the transient and stationary fluctuation theorems is extended to include the effects of electromagnetic fields on a charged Brownian particle. In particular, we consider a harmonic trapped Brownian particle under the action of a constant magnetic field pointing perpendicular to a plane and a time-dependent electric field acting on this plane. The electric field is seen to be responsible for the motion of the center in the harmonic trap, giving as a result a time-dependent dragging. Our study is focused on the solution of the Smoluchowski equation associated with the over-damped Langevin equation and also considers two particular cases for the motion of the harmonic trap minimum. The first one is produced by a linear time-dependent electric field and, in the second case an oscillating electric field produces a circular motion. In this last case we have found resonant behavior in the mean work when the electric field is tuned with Larmor's frequency. Some comparisons are made with other works in the absence of the magnetic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]