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The electromagnetic features of the 11/2− isomers in the odd-mass Cd isotopes are shown to exhibit an an anomaly near N = 70. We report shell-model calculations of these isotopes aimed at describing these properties. We find a sudden phase change in the hexadecapole component of the wave functions precisely at N = 70, which gives rise to different linear relations between the Q and μ values before and after N = 70, as needed to reproduce the experimental data. The particle-hole transformation properties associated with a strong subshell closure at N = 70 followed by fairly close-lying neutron orbitals from N = 70 − 82 is suggested as a possible explanation for this phase change.

The present study is a continuation of our previous work (2015 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 42 025106) on neutral-current supernova-neutrino processes in the stable cadmium isotopes. Here we concentrate on the charged-current scattering processes of neutrinos off the stable cadmium isotopes covering an energy range characteristic of supernova neutrinos. As a theory framework we adopt the quasiparticle random-phase approximation in its charge-changing mode (pnQRPA) and the microscopic quasiparticle-phonon model to construct the required nuclear wave functions of the odd–odd and odd–even isobars of the stable even–even reference cadmium isotopes, respectively. The cross sections of the charged-current neutrino and antineutrino scatterings off the stable cadmium isotopes are subsequently computed. The nuclear responses to supernova neutrinos are also estimated by folding the cross sections with neutrino-energy spectra including the effects of matter oscillations within an effective two-neutrino framework. The calculations indicate that the folded cross sections have mass-number dependencies that are different for neutrinos and antineutrinos, and that odd-mass nuclei have relatively large cross sections. The matter oscillations affect the cross sections strongly and it is found that the computed averaged cross sections for antineutrinos differ notably for the normal/inverted mass hierarchy. This could have interesting consequences for the experimental solution of the mass-hierarchy problem in future large-scale neutrino telescopes.

In this work we present computed cross sections for the incoherent neutral-current neutrino scattering off the stable cadmium isotopes. The main focus is on supernova neutrinos. The nuclear states of the even-mass and odd-mass cadmium isotopes have been constructed using the quasiparticle random-phase approximation and the microscopic quasiparticle-phonon model, respectively. The computed cross sections are folded with suitably parametrized Fermi–Dirac distributions of the supernova (anti)neutrinos energies to obtain realistic estimates of the nuclear responses to these neutrinos.

A new understanding of low-lying quadrupole vibrations in nuclei is emerging through lifetime measurements performed with fast neutrons at the accelerator laboratory of the University of Kentucky in combination with high-sensitivity measurements with other probes. In the stable cadmium nuclei, which have long been considered to be the best examples of vibrational behavior, we find that many E2 transition probabilities are well below harmonic vibrator expectations, and the B(E2)s cannot be explained with calculations incorporating configuration mixing between vibrational phonon states and intruder excitations. These data place severe limits on the collective models, and it is suggested that the low-lying levels of the Cd isotopes may not be of vibrational origin. An additional example of an apparent quadrupole vibrational nucleus, 62Ni, is considered.

It has been shown that there are significant deviations from the expected U(5) dynamical symmetry for 110,112,114,116Cd. However, there is very significant mixing with intruder states in this region. In this paper, we investigated states in the heavier 120,124,126Cd populated via beta decay. These nuclei exhibit similar patterns to the lighter Cd isotopes even though the intruder states are much higher in energy.

The search for double beta decay of 106Cd was performed at the Modane underground laboratory (France, 4800 m.w.e.) using the multi-detector spectrometer TGV-2. 16 samples (~13.6 g) of 106Cd with an enrichment of 75% were installed between neighbouring HPGe detectors and measured during 12900 h. New half-life limits (at 90% CL) were obtained for 2νEC/EC decay of 106Cd to the ground state of 106Pd - T1/2 > 4.2 × 1020 y, and for OνEC/EC resonant decay of 106Cd to 2741 keV and 2718 keV excited states of 106Pd - T1/2 > 1.8 × 1020y and T1/2 > 1.6 × 1020y respectively.

The decay of a T1/2 = 19(3) μs isomeric state from 125Cd has been observed using γ-ray spectroscopy at the Lohengrin mass spectrometer of the Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble. Two coincident γ rays were observed to be emitted from the decay of this isomeric state, contradicting recently published data on this nucleus. Realistic shell-model calculations have been performed to interpret the decay scheme, allowing a spin and parity of 19/2+ to be assigned to the isomeric state. All configurations contributing to this isomeric state have amplitudes less than 7 %. Experimental data have recently been published on the decays of μs isomeric states in 127,128,130Cd. Realistic shell-model calculations for these nuclei are presented which reproduce the known experimental decay schemes reasonably well.

The TGV II (Telescope Germanium Vertical) facility is a low background spectrometer operated in Modane Underground Laboratory. It aims at the study of double electron capture of 106Cd. The spectrometer is composed of 32 HPGe planar detectors interleaved with thin-foil samples made of 106Cd enriched to 75%. In 2006, the main run of phase I (1 year duration) was terminated yielding a new limit on half-life for two-neutrino double electron capture in 106Cd as 2.0x1020y. The new limit is significantly higher (by almost three orders of magnitude) than those already published.

Radioactive cadmium telluride/zinc sulfide (Cd125mTe/ZnS) nanoparticles were targeted to mouse lung with antibody to mouse lung endothelium and quantified using radiological histology in order to test the in vivo targeting efficacy of a nanoparticle–antibody (NP–mAb) system. The nanoparticles were linked to either a monoclonal antibody to mouse lung thrombomodulin (mAb 201B) or a control antibody (mAb 33), and injected into groups of 6-week-old Balb/C female mice. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 4, 24, 72 and 144 h post-injection, and biodistribution in major organs was determined. Full body microSPECT/CT imaging was performed on a pair of mice (experimental and control) providing visual confirmation of the biodistribution. The Cd125mTe/ZnS NPs conjugated to mAb 201B principally target the lungs while the nanoparticles coupled to mAb 33 accumulate in the liver and spleen. These data provide, for the first time, a quantitative measurement of the in vivo targeting efficacy of an inorganic nanoparticle–mAb system.

High-spin states in 113–116Cd have been investigated with the heavy-ion induced fission reaction 28Si + 176Yb at 165 MeV. The experiment was performed with the Eurogam II array. New rotational bands based on two quasi-particle states have been observed for even-even cadmium isotopes. A new level scheme based on the 11/2– isomeric state is proposed for 115Cd and the one of 113Cd has been extended to spin (31/2–). Hartree–Fock calculations for even-even isotopes show a prolate deformation in this mass region. The decoupled bands identified in both odd nuclei are interpreted as being built upon a low-Ω11/2 quasi-neutron configuration.

The radioactive decay of 110Agm+g has been studied extensively using gamma-gamma coincidence and sum-coincidence spectrometers. Levels at 2078.8, 2250.7, 2287.7, 2433.1, 2539.6, 2659.9, 2706, 2793.4, 2842.5 and 2876.8 keV previously proposed on energy sum considerations are proved by these techniques. For the first time the gamma rays of 120.3, 133.4, 341.4 and 356.4 keV are interpreted. The existence of a new level at 2356.2 keV is proposed. An interpretation is suggested for known gamma rays of 120.3, 133.4, 341.4 and 356.4 keV as well as for new transitions of about 648, 714.9, 1465.6 and 1698.5 keV. The spins of a few levels of 110Cd are discussed on the basis of present models.

The quadrupole interactions of 111Cd in the environments of the liquid In, InBi and In2Bi are studied using both time-integrated and time-differential perturbed angular correlation methods. The time-averaged attenuation factor G2 of liquid In does not change with increase of temperature, whereas those of the liquid alloys show temperature dependences. The time-dependent attenuation factor G2(t) of liquid In2Bi is also measured at 200 and 445 degrees C. From these results, the estimated atomic correlation time tau c is the order of 10-6 s which is consistent with the NMR result obtained by Seymour and Styles (1966).

The isotope shifts in the intercombination resonance line of CdI have been measured. The line was excited in an atomic beam by electron bombardment and the high resolution obtained with a Fabry-Perot interferometer. The shifts between even isotopes decrease with increasing neutron number and the odd isotopes lie close to the next lighter even isotope showing a pronounced odd-even staggering. The relative shifts are in agreement with those of other Cd lines.

The differences in the mean square nuclear charge radius delta (r2) of the even cadmium isotopes 100

The RMS radii (r2)1/2 of the charge distributions of the even isotopes 110