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We theoretically investigated a second-order optomechanical-induced transparency (OMIT) process of a hybrid optomechanical system (COMS), which a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) in the presence of atom–atom interaction trapped inside a cavity with a moving end mirror. The advantage of this hybrid COMS over a bare COMS is that the frequency of the second mode is controlled by the s-wave scattering interaction. Based on the traditional linearization approximation, we derive analytical solutions for the output transmission intensity of the probe field and the dimensionless amplitude of the second-order sideband (SS). The numerical results show that the transmission intensity of the probe field and the dimensionless amplitude of the SS can be controlled by the s-wave scattering frequency. Furthermore, the control field intensities, the effective detuning, the effective coupling strength of the cavity field with the Bogoliubov mode are used to control the transmission intensity of the probe field and the dimensionless amplitude of the SS.

By making use of the decomposition of U(1) gauge potential theory and the -mapping method we discuss a mixture of interacting neutral and charged Bose condensates, which is supposed being realized in the interior of neutron stars in the form of a coexistent neutron superfluid and protonic superconductor. We propose that this system possesses vortex lines and two classes of knotted solitons. The topological charge of the vortex lines are characterized by the Hopf indices and the Brower degrees of -mapping, and the knotted solitons are described by nontrivial Hopf invariant and the BF action respectively.

Multi-mode interference waveguides are fabricated inside silica glass by transverse writing geometry with femtosecond laser pulses. The influences of several writing and reading factors on the output mode are systematically studied. The experimental results of straight waveguides are in good agreement with the simulations by the beam propagation method. By integrating a straight waveguide with a bent waveguide, a 1 × 2 multi-mode splitter is formed and 2 × 3 lobes are observed in the output mode.

High diffraction efficiency refractive index-modulated holographic micrograting on a polymer thin film was obtained with a single femtosecond laser pulse interference and photo-polymerization. The diffractive efficiency of the micrograting with an He-Ne laser is up to 78% when the thickness of the film is 90 µm, which corresponds to the refractive index-modulation as large as 2.4×10-3. The compared experiment with a femtosecond oscillator laser indicated that a single femtosecond laser pulse has the advantages in laser machining over the cw holography method such as high fabrication speed, good surface structure and high diffractive efficiency.

ZnO thin films doped with different Cu concentrations are fabricated by reactive magnetron sputtering technique. XRD analysis indicates that the crystal quality of the ZnO:Cu film can be enhanced by a moderate level of Cu-doping in the sputtering process. The results of XPS spectra of zinc, oxygen, and copper elements show that Cu-doping has an evident and complicated effect on the chemical state of oxygen, but little effect on those of zinc and copper. Interestingly, further investigation of the optical properties of ZnO:Cu samples shows that the transmittance spectra exhibit both red shift and blue shift with the increase of Cu doping, in contrast to the simple monotonic behavior of the Burstein-Moss effect. Analysis reveals that this is due to the competition between oxygen vacancies and intrinsic and surface states of oxygen in the sample. Our result may suggest an effective way of tuning the bandgap of ZnO samples.

By making use of the decomposition of U(1) gauge potential theory and the o-mapping method we discuss a mixture of interacting neutral and charged Bose condensates, which is supposed to be realized in the interior of neutron stars in the form of a coexistent neutron superfluid and protonic superconductor. We propose that this system possesses vortex line knotted solitons and the topological charges of vortex lines are characterized by the winding numbers of the o-mapping. Furthermore the spatial bifurcation of vortices is also discussed.