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Urethral tumours are rare and can arise from its lining epithelium, glandular epithelium or the smooth and striated muscle fibers. Periurethral leiomyoma, a benign tumour arising from the smooth muscle fibers is extremely rare that can present with varying clinical features. Excision biopsy should be carried out to differentiate it from malignant lesions. Peri-urethral leiomyomas have been shown to express estrogen and progesterone receptors, therefore can increase rapidly in size during pregnancy. Less than 5 cases with such receptor expression mainly in pregnant females have been reported in literature. We present a rare case of peri-urethral leiomyoma with positive estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in non-pregnant lady that was rapidly increasing in size. Keywords: Leiomyoma | estrogen | progesterone | receptor | tumour | urethra, Introduction Periurethral leiomyoma is a rare benign tumour that has rarely been shown to express the estrogen and progesterone receptors. Prompt diagnosis, differentiation from the malignant tumour and treatment of [...]