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There is a significant discrepancy between the assertive rhetoric of Russia's leaders and the actual policy of Russia in its relations with the Russian diasporas in the neighboring states. The official attitude of the Russian government toward Russians who found themselves living outside the Russian Federation after the disintegration of the Soviet Union shows quite clearly the victory of pragmatism over the phantoms of imperial heritage. Yet the political rhetoric concerning this issue often has a neo-imperialist tone. The paper examines specific Russian policies aimed at the diasporas, including the attempt to introduce dual citizenship, the concept of "compatriots living abroad," and others. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practice of dual citizenship—that is, individuals holding citizenship in more than one nation-state—presents a puzzle for scholars of citizenship politics: Why have states increasingly tolerated, and in some cases encouraged, dual citizenship when international agreements discourage the practice? In part this may reflect the growing international mobility of people: migrants are choosing to naturalize in their states of residence, while children of immigrants in jus soli states achieve dual nationality upon birth. However, the growth in the number of plural nationals alone does not explain why states have explicitly changed their laws to permit dual citizenship. What explains this changing state practice? Dual citizenship speaks to a theoretical debate among scholars who study the institutions of sovereignty and citizenship. Researchers derive competing implications for state sovereignty from plural nationality: it undermines the cohesion of the nation-state, or it reinforces it. Despite the centrality of this debate to our understanding of sovereignty and citizenship, however, most of the existing research relies upon qualitative research designs that do not permit easy generalization. This paper investigates the growth of dual citizenship over time in twenty-five nation-states. It utilize a time-series cross-section research design to test competing state-level, transnational and international hypotheses offered by researchers. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing number of Indigenous peoples living on Turtle Island (U.S., Canada) view themselves as “dual citizens”: citizens of both their Indigenous nations and the countries in which they reside. Yet global Indigenous rights documents offer a slightly different interpretation: for example, Article 5 of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples calls for Indigenous peoples to retain “…their rights to participate fully, if they so choose, in the political, economic, social and cultural life of the State.” Are Indigenous peoples advocating dual citizenship or a form of measured separatism within the context of the contemporary global Indigenous rights movement? Additionally, how can the global Indigenous rights discourse provide insights into claims of Indigenous self-determination and citizenship? Drawing on global and regional Indigenous rights instruments, such as the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, and the Baguio Declaration to name a few, I examine how citizenship and rights have been constructed in order to get a clearer sense of contemporary Indigenous conceptualizations of self-determination. Additionally, case studies of Indigenous political movements in the U.S., Canada, Nicaragua, and Peru, as well as the work of political theorists (Tully 2000; Kymlicka 2000; Altamirano-Jiménez 2004; Alfred 2005), inform the discussion. In the final part of the paper, I call for a philosophical and political repositioning of Indigenous peoples rights claims in order to regenerate Indigenous community-based responsibilities and open new pathways for Indigenous self-determination. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nationality law was long a relatively ignored and quiet area of study, as social scientists deferred to historians and legal scholars. Over the past few years, however, the political salience of issues such as dual citizenship, naturalization, and the relationship between citizenship and immigrant integration has increased dramatically both within liberal democracies and beyond. Within this re-emerging research area, this paper considers recent changes in Dutch nationality law and policy. Though often overlooked because it does not fit the "typical" citizenship models of France, Germany, or the UK and thus is difficult to categorize, the Netherlands is a noteworthy case. Nationality laws and policies are in a state of transition, and the object of significant attention from both the far right and more traditional parties. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International politics leaves its imprint on all of our lives, and our lives shape international politics â€" modest as the individual contribution may seem. In recent years, these more mundane aspects of international relations have been brought to the att ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the late 1940?s states have experienced an unprecedented exchange of populations, but it was not until recently that transnational movements of labor all over the world have equally challenged the nature of state sovereignty and the traditional conception of citizenship, where citizenship and nationality are tied to territorial boundaries of the state. While receiving states have been pressured to revise their immigration and citizenship policies, sending states are increasingly becoming more involved into the lives of their ?natives? living abroad. There is a growing important literature analyzing transnational diasporas? influence both in the homeland and in host states as well as transnational labor movements and their impact on citizenship and immigration policies in receiving states. The literature explaining the ways expatriates are being treated by the sending states remains quite limited, however.In this paper we explore the politics of relations between sending states and their diasporas/expatriates. Specifically, we explore the nature of citizenship rights granted to expatriates by states that are exercising dual citizenship. We assess the extent of the rupture that occurs to this relationship when members of the diaspora become citizens of another state. In other words, should we view dual citizenship as just one more point on a continuum of expatriate policies, or is it a qualitative leap? To measure citizenship rights enjoyed by expatriates we incorporate T. H. Marshall?s classification of citizenship rights into civil, political and social rights categories. We compare the cases of Armenia, Mexico, Israel, Spain, and the Ukraine. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the gender dimensions of the Indian government?s recent efforts to reconnect with, or recreate, an Indian diaspora. While multiple works address gender issues within the diaspora, there has been little attention on the gender dimensions of government policies and efforts connected with dual citizenship, the activities of the new Ministry, and the cultural presentations of India that are part of the annual conferences. For example, at the 2004 Pravasi Bharatiya Divas only 11 out of 145 presenters were women, the cultural programming was dominated by women as Bollywood stars and a film entitled Shringar which means the art of adornment, and India was repeatedly invoked as both ?mother? and nani, or ?grandmother.? These attempts to assert a national identity in the context of an increasingly post-nationalist world raise questions about how the literature on gender and nationalism can help us to understand the gender dimensions of contemporary diasporic communities. In what ways are women involved in the Indian governments? efforts to reconnect with the diaspora? How are the Ministry and other related organizations framing gender issues? What are the gendered images that dominate these efforts and what do these images reveal about idealized gender identities of the new diaspora? In addressing these questions this paper draws upon government reports and policies related to the Indian diaspora, materials from diaspora organizations such as the NRI Institute and the Global Organization of People of Indian Origin (GOPIO), as well as participant observation and interviews from the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas in 2004 and January 2006. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until recently, governments and citizens alike have greeted the idea of dual citizenship with hostility. Most antagonism is justified along the lines of national sovereignty and the problem of dual loyalties. However, despite the history of opposition, laws allowing dual citizenship are popping up all over the world. The question is, therefore, why have these governments changed their positions regarding dual citizenship? In this paper I answer this question in the context of Latin American countries. I fill a gap in the literature by exploring the causes of dual citizenship, rather than its purported effects. There are several potential explanations-political and economic-for why the emigrant sending countries of Latin America would adopt dual citizenship laws. Of these alternatives, I argue that the economic theory is most appropriate in the context of Latin America. Using duration analysis, I show that increases in remittances received by sending countries increase the "risk" that a Latin American country will change its citizenship laws to accept dual nationality. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sovereignty and citizenship are the legal cornerstones of the nation-state, but in recent decades we have witnessed an increasing tolerance for dual or even multiple nationalities. The purpose of this paper is to explore the rapidly evolving relationship between migration, sovereignty and citizenship. How can we explain the increase in dual nationality and how does it affect international relations? Using a comparative design and relying on cross-national data, the analysis seeks to identify national and regional variation in de jure and de facto tolerance for dual nationality. The goals are to isolate social and political factors that lead some states to be more liberal in granting dual nationality and to identify the trends?are states becoming less liberal in granting dual nationality in the post-9/11 security environment? Or is the incidence of dual nationality and transnational behavior leading to a re-definition of the institutions of sovereignty and citizenship? ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]