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Background/aim: We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of oligometastatic colorectal cancer in the liver and lung treated with carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT)., Patients and Methods: Nineteen consecutive patients with oligometastatic colorectal cancer in the liver or lung who received C-ion RT were analyzed. The doses of C-ion RT were 60.0 Gy [relative biological effectiveness (RBE)] in 4 fractions, 60.0 Gy (RBE) in 12 fractions, or 64.8 Gy (BRE) in 12 fractions., Results: The median follow-up duration was 19 months. There were 23 tumors in 19 patients. The 2-year overall survival and local control rates for the whole patient cohort were 100% and 67%, respectively. None of the patients developed grade 2 or higher acute or late toxicities., Conclusion: C-ion RT for oligometastatic colorectal cancer in liver and lung provides favorable clinical outcomes. These outcomes suggest C-ion RT is a treatment option for oligometastatic colorectal cancer in liver and lung.

Background/aim: This study compared the dose distributions of carbon ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in patients with locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (LAHCC)., Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in 10 consecutive patients with LAHCC who had undergone C-ion RT. The dose-volume histogram parameters of clinical plans using C-ion RT at 60 Gy and simulated plans using IMRT at 60 Gy and 50 Gy were compared. We measured the percentage of the normal liver volume that received at least 5 Gy (V 5 ), 10 Gy (V 10 ), 20 Gy (V 20 ), 30 Gy (V 30 ), 40 Gy (V 40 ), and 50 Gy (V 50 )., Results: The V 5 , V 10 , V 20 , and the mean liver dose were significantly lower in patients who received 60 Gy of C-ion RT than in those who received 50 or 60 Gy of IMRT., Conclusion: C-ion RT exhibits a better liver dose distribution than IMRT in patients with LAHCC., (Copyright© 2020, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.)

Aim: To prospectively evaluate the feasibility of carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) for prostate cancer using a new compact-sized accelerator., Patients and Methods: Seventy-six patients underwent C-ion RT at our center using a recommended dose fractionation of 57.6 GyE in 16 fractions established at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences. Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) assessment was also performed using the Medical Outcome Study 8-items Short Form Health Survey (SF-8) questionnaire., Results: The median follow-up time was 51 months (range=8-58 months). Grade 2 gastrointestinal and genitourinary complications developed in 1 (1.3%) and 5 (6.6%) patients, respectively. Recurrences occurred in 4 patients, and the 4-year biochemical relapse-free rate was 94.6%. The HRQOL scores after C-ion RT were objectively well-maintained., Conclusion: Irrespective of the small number of patients of the study, C-ion RT for prostate cancer using the first commercial-based accelerator reproduced the toxicity outcomes at the NIRS., (Copyright© 2015 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. John G. Delinassios), All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To investigate the interaction of the cytotoxic activity of the combination of pemetrexed and radiation in a human mesothelioma cell line., Materials and Methods: The toxic effects of treatment with radiation and/or pemetrexed (PEM) on NCI-H28 cells were assessed by clonogenic assay. TUNEL/DAPI staining was used to measure the apoptosis index (AI). Thymidylate synthase (TS) protein expression was measured by Western blotting., Results: The D0 value of the combination treatment was lower than that for radiation, indicating its addition resulted in the synergistic effects with radiation. An increase in AI was observed with the combination compared with that observed after PEM alone. Radiation induced a time-dependent decrease in TS expression. Increased TS expression was observed after PEM, but the combination treatment decreased TS expression., Conclusion: Treatment with pemetrexed in combination with radiation has a supra-additive effect, partially due to the synergistic induction of apoptosis, which may be due to TS suppression, by the irradiation enhancing the effect of pemetrexed.