1. Determination of Anaerobic and Anoxic Biodegradation Capacity of Sulfamethoxasole and the Effects on Mixed Microbial Culture
- Author
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Orhan Ince, Nazli Gokcek, NeseCoskun, Bahar Ince, Zeynep Cetecioglu, and Samet Azman
- Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Microbiological culture ,medicine.drug_class ,business.industry ,Chemistry ,Antibiotics ,Treatment process ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Conventional treatment ,Sewage ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Biodegradation ,01 natural sciences ,Anoxic waters ,6. Clean water ,3. Good health ,Microbiology ,13. Climate action ,Environmental chemistry ,medicine ,business ,Anaerobic exercise ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
During last decades, concentration of human and veterinarian antibiotics in the environment, natural and engineered systems have been increased because of high amount production and consumption. This situation has aroused great concern due to the possibility of harmful effects on human, animals and plants [1,2]. Occurrence and fate of these compounds are one of the main issues because of their unknown potential risks and their effects on the environment. Approximately 500 tonnes of them are produced and consumed every year in the worldwide. Antibiotics are resistant to conventional biological treatment process and the wastewaters including these compounds are directly discharged to the receiving water bodies without efficient treatment. Hospitals and pharmaceutical industries are the main sources of high antibiotic concentration release to the environment [3]. Also sewage systems can transport these molecules and/or their metabolites since metabolization of them by humans and animals cannot be achieved completely [4]. During the transportation of antibiotics throughout treatment plants, elimination of these compounds can occur via biodegradation, photolysis and sorption to sludge but ultimate degradation of these compounds cannot be achieved in conventional treatment plants [4, 5, 6]. As a result of the introduction of metabolized and/or active antibiotics to the receiving water bodies caused an increase in the ratio of multiantibacterial resistant pathogens [7].
- Published
- 2013