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Chronic laminitis is extremely painful condition resulting in damage to soft tissues anchoring the third phalanx to hoof resulting in life-threatening debilitation, if untreated. Chronic laminitis equines (n=12) were treated and managed, where most horses (n=8) were having bilateral laminitis in fore limb and rest four horses suffered unilateral laminitis of fore limb. All affected horses showed symptoms of pain on palpation, while two horses showed frequent lay down tendency. Radiological examination showed marked rotation of pedal bone in affected hoofs. Corrective hoof trimming and therapeutic heart-bar shoe were applied along with medical management in ten horses (Group B), while two horses were treated by medical management only (Group A). Therapeutic shoeing showed immediate improvement in weight bearing in all horses along with medical treatment till recovery, while one horse of Group B was euthanized due to poor condition. Nine horses recovered from laminitis out of which two equines showed re-occurrence of laminitis after one year due to removal of therapeutic shoe before pedal bone rotation become normal, while both horses failed to recover in group A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The morphological, structural and functional particularity of eye fundus is an important elements in diagnostic ophthalmology irrespective of species or examination method. In the present study, a total of 70 canines of 19 different breeds were included. Green-blue was the most common color (18.57%, n=13) followed by yellow-green-blue (17.14%, n=12) green (11.42%, n= 8) and combinations of these colors in rest of animals. The canine ocular fundus showed enormous variations in normal ophthalmoscopic appearance. The present study facilitated a mini 'memory reference library' of fundic images in different species in Indian clinical settings advocating ocular funduscopy to be a routine in diagnostic ophthalmic armamentarium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CO2 Laser is one of the most widely used medical lasers globally delivering an intense beam of Infrared light with 10,600 nm wavelength. Thirteen clinical cases of dogs with warts/small tumours (<3 cm) were subjected to CO2 Laser ablation. Operation was performed under general anesthesia and full-thickness skin was excised using CO2 Laser with 0.4mm ceramic tip and settings of 10W continuous wave mode. Surgical blood loss was estimated and post-operative complications, surgical outcome and post-operative clinical appearance were recorded after 15 to 30 days. In the present study, for warts and tumors power of 12W to 15W was optimum. The average blood loss during surgery was -1 ml. In all cases, the cosmetic appearance of scar was good without any post-operative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prompt recognition and appropriate treatment of ocular emergencies are essential in the primary care setting when the outcome may depend on timely management. All ocular emergencies, including a traumatic ocular proptosis, eyelid lacerations, corneal perforations and lacerations, subluxation of lens, acute uveitis, glaucomas, chemical burns should be managed appropriately. General therapeutic management schemes that reinforce general principles of therapy are presented and clinicians should avoid always following rigid therapeutic protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During two years study, 31 cases of progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) were recorded in dogs with typical history of initial nyctalopia followed by hemeralopia. Out of 31 PRA suspected dogs, eight dogs (26%) were from the age group of 1-5 years, 15 (48%) 6-10 years and the rest (26%) 11-15 years. The most predominant breed was Spitz (18 dogs - 58%). Detailed ophthalmologic was conducted in all the dogs. Ophthalmoscopic and fundoscopic changes included hyper reflectivity and discoloration of the tapetal area, marked attenuation of retinal vessels, depigmentation in non-tapetal area and optic disc atrophy with scalloped borders. Funduscopy revealed typical signs of PRA with change in tapetal reflectivity. The signs were almost symmetrical for both eyes and severity of abnormalities was somewhat variable among the affected dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electroretinography (ERG) is useful adjunct test for diagnosis of retinal dystrophies and for pre-operative evaluation of retinal functions in conjunction with cataract surgery. ERG recordings were done in 9 dogs with various vision abnormalities viz. cataract, retinal detachment, vitreous degeneration, retinal degeneration and glaucoma. The causative factor for vision at normality in majority of cases was cataract (n=5, 55.55%) followed by retinal degeneration (n=2, 22.22%) and one dog eacn with glaucoma and chronic kidney disease (11.11% each). ERG was used to quantify the severity of retinal impairment in these animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current clinical study evaluates the recurrence rate of cherry eye after surgical correction using Morgan's pocket technique in twelve dogs (15 eyes). The affected dogs varied in age from 2-12 months. Bilateral nictitans gland prolpase was observed in three dogs. In surgically managed 15 protruded nictitans gland, there was no incidence of relapse during one month follow up. Morgan's pocket technique was found simple to perform with greater success rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A foal was presented with abnormal jerky movements during progression along with stiffness in right hind limb. Based on clinical findings, it was diagnosed as Upward fixation of patella. Pre-operatively, Inj. Tetanus toxoid was given intramuscularly, while Inj. Ceftriaxone and Inj. Meloxicam were given intravenously. Medial patellar desmotomy was underaken under local infiltration by close method in standing position. The animal recovered uneventfully immediately after surgery. Postoperatively, animal was under antibiotic and anti-inflammatory follow up for next four days along with antiseptic dressing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A survey of thirty nine selected organised/commercial dairy farms, two university farms, seven panjrapoles and three gaushalas in Gujarat, India was undertaken to evaluate foot disorders. Surveillance of 7549 cattle and 3518 buffaloes revealed 1552 clinical cases of foot diseases. The incidences of foot lesions were highest in Holstein Friesian crossbreds in cattle and Mehsana breed in buffaloes. The incidence of foot lesions were more in cattle and buffaloes above second and third lactational respectively. Foot lesions were observed to be greater in hind limbs with greater involvement of outer claw than in fore limbs with greater involvement of inner claw. Incidence of foot lesions was higher in animals on concrete floor with limited space and poor hygienic conditions. The animals which were left loose for exercise regularly had lesser foot problems. Higher incidence of foot diseases was observed in farms animals fed high concentrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a three month old filly with asthma who presented with history of loss of vision since birth. Indirect ophthalmoscopic examination of the filly's eyes revealed bilateral opacification of lens and B-mode ultrasonography confirmed soft bilateral cortical cataract. The article discusses congenital soft cataract in a filly operated by extracapsular extraction technique.

The article presents a case study of thirteen dogs with various abdominal disorders. Dogs, which include males and nine females, were subjected for laparoscopy to detect their abdominal abnormalities. The laparoscopic examination revealed five cases of liver abnormalities including cirrhosis, ascites and liver fibrosis. The article emphasizes the importance of laparoscopy in examining different abdominal organs in small animals.

The present study was conducted in three horses with ocular tumors presented with varying clinical signs and gross appearances. Ocular neoplasia was found in third eyelid, upper eyelid and temporal limbus. Because of restraining difficulties and owners unwillingness, tentative diagnosis was made based on gross appearance and clinical examination. Tumor was presumptively diagnosed as sarcoid on upper eyelid and SCC in temporal limbus. Grossly sarcoid appeared as large oval fibroid mass (around 3cm³) along with multiple larger papules on nasal aspect of upper eyelid. On palpation the mass was solid and had a well-defined palpable outline. In another case, mass appeared highly hyperaemic, inflamed and fleshy infiltrating into cornea. Intralesional Cisplatin for sarcoid (at a dose rate of 1mg/1cm³ after proper dilution) and BCG vaccine (at a dose rate of 2ml/cm² of tumor surface) for other two cases were used and repeated for 2-3 times. 70-80% tumor remission was observed and size enlargement or recurrence was not reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mongrel male dog was presented with history of automobile accident. Clinical examination revealed proptosis which was surgically managed by lateral canthotomy followed by temporary tarsorrhaphy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A clinical case of compound, distal third, right tibial fracture in rabbit was successfully managed by retrograde intramedullary pinning. The animal recovered uneventfully within a month and started bearing weight on its affected limbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of five dogs with history of swallowing specific foreign body as identified by the owner. Radiography was performed and revealed presence of foreign bodies such as disposable plastic ear buds, garden pebble, and plastic medicine dispenser. The article also discusses the pre- and post-operative management in retrieving such items in dog's stomach.

The article presents a case study of a four-year-old female Surti goat with history of acute diarrhoea, bloat and cessation of rumination but with normal body temperature. B-mode ultrasonogram was performed and revealed rumen impaction. The article discusses several methods of treating rumen impaction which include correcting electrolyte imbalance, removal of rumen liquor emanating severe acidic smell, and starting intravenous fluids along with Amoxilcillin-Cloxacillin and Meloxicam.

The article presents a case study of dairy animals, cattles and buffaloes with milk flow disorder. It states that major problem linked with teat injuries include compromised milk flow, abnormal milk, and greater risk for mastitis. The article discusses the incidence and surgical management of milk flow disorders in dairy animals.

The article presents a case study on the treatment of medial luxation of shoulder joint in a dog in India. The palpation and radiography were used in the diagnosis of the bone dislocation. The close reduction method under general anesthesia, and the Velpeau sling bandage were used to correct the positioning of the bone.