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Objective: To measure the effect of the change in mortality by AIDS in life expectancy at birth of Spanish population in 1985-2017., Materials and Methods: We analyzed 56 863 deaths by AIDS. We calculated age-standardized death rates, and we applied Poisson regression and decomposition of life expectancies., Results: From 1985 to 1995, mortality by AIDS contributed to reduce life expectancy at birth of 0.64 years for men, and 0.17 for women; in 1996-2017, increase it by 0.60 years, men, and 0.17, women., Conclusions: The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy in 1996 and prevention were decisive to reduce mortality by AIDS and to become chronic the epidemic., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflict of interests. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.