Search

Background: Anti-microbial peptides and vitamin D levels in saliva, GCF play an important role in oral health and its maintenance. The peptide levels are regulated by the Vitamin D cathecidilin pathway and their association and influence on oral health is of outmost importance. The aim of the present review article is to establish The aim is to establish a relationship and possibly the role of Cathelicidins and Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in relation to oral health. Methodology: The preferred reporting items for systematic review ad meta analysis (PRISMA) were used for reporting this systematic review. The study protocol has been approved by all co-authors. The study has been registered at the National institute for health research (NHR) under the Prospero ID: CRD42020200946. Results: A total of 102 articles were retrieved through electronic database search. After evaluating the title, abstract and full text of these articles only 7 were selected for the present systematic review. However 3 articles were excluded because they were classified as high risk of bias according to PRISMA guidelines. Out of 7 studies selected, 4 were classified as low risk bias and 3 were classified as moderate riskbias. Conclusion: The current evidence suggests anti-microbial peptide LL-37 and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism plays an important role in caries prevalence and periodontal health. Highlight: Understanding the role of antimicrobial peptides in saliva helps in enhancing focus on the effect of these components on oral health and its maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Selenium, an essential trace element performs various biological functions through different -containing proteins7 .Selenium has over 25 different proteins named as selenoproteins. These trace elements play a major role in remineralisation and demineralization cycle of tooth surface. Therefore, this study is aimed at evaluating the salivary selenium levels in caries free and caries active individuals. Methods and Materials: After obtaining the ethical clearance the study was conducted among the 60 individuals reporting to the department of conservative dentistry and Endodontics A.B.Shetty memorial institute of dental sciences, Nitte University, Deralakatte Mangalore who can be included into the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Salivary samples were collected and assessed by Micowave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (MP-AES) for selenium levels in caries free and caries active group . Results: The values obtained where statistically analyzed using SPSS version 2.0 software. Caries free group showed a mean selenium levels of 116.9863 microgram/L with a standard deviation of 9.60601. Whereas caries active group showed a mean selenium levels of 63.7547 microgram/L and standard deviation of 12.06005 . Levene's Test for Equality of Variances was done to test the significance. The values shows significant difference between the two group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan has gained popularity in dentistry, its various applications including endodontic treatment, periodontal therapy, wound healing, implant surface modifiers, etc. Recently it has been used in root canal sealers due to antibacterial properties, chelating effect and enamel and dentin regeneration. Furthermore, chitosan nanoparticles penetrate deeper into dentinal tubules and enhance its actions. When used in combination with traditional dental materials, chitosan improves efficacy of restorative materials, adhesives, root canal sealers, disinfectants, etc. Antimicrobial effect against E. Faecalis and Candida albicans, its bioactive and biomimetic properties make chitosan an ideal ingredient in root canal medicaments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Regenerative Endodontics is a fast growing field in dentistry showing highly favourable clinical outcomes. It encompasses various procedures that serve as a better alternative to traditional root canal therapy as well as more aggressive treatments such as surgical endodontics. The knowledge and skill of the practitioner plays a pivotal role in the success of any regenerative procedure. Aim: The purpose of this survey is to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practice of regenerative endodontics among the dental Interns, dental postgraduates and dental practitioners in mangaluru. Materials and Method: An online questionnaire comprising of 20 questions was distributed amongst the dental professionals of Manguluru. A total of 448 dental professionals responded over a period of 1 month. Their responses were collected and tabulated to interpret the data and obtain the results. Results: A total of 448 replies were received, with the majority of the correspondents belonging to the dental post graduates (41.5%). The majority (97%) of the participants of this survey had come across the term ‘Regenerative Endodontics’, but only 41 out of the 448 had reported performing any regenerative endodontic procedure. Conclusion: Regenerative endodontic Procedures have shown favourable results in various studies. It can be used as a valuable tool for any dental professional. But, as seen in this study, the knowledge levels as well as attitudes amongst the dental fraternity needs to improve so as to allow the incorporation of regenerative endodontics into clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The root canal treatment failure is a frequent problem occurring in dentistry. Inadequate chemo mechanical preparation, poor obturation, over obturation, persistence of bacteria, instrument separation, missing canal,coronal micro leakage are some of the causes responsible for the failure of the root canal treatment. 400 root canal treated teeth with failure were included in this study and were recorded using digital radiography. Under obturation was the predominant factor for the failure of root canal treatment. The larger number of the endodontic failures was found in the time period of within 4-5 years. The maximum average time period causing failure was seen to be 3.85 years for over obturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and Objective: To evaluate and compare the microleakage in class five cavities restored by a nanohybrid and a nano-filled composite resin by dye penetration method. Method and Methodology: Twenty premolar teeth were collected and standardized Class five cavities were prepared. The samples were divided into two groups, Group A and Group B. All the samples were then restored with the composite pertaining to that group (n=10). The samples were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours, post which they were sectioned vertically and the microleakage was assessed under the stereomicroscope. Results and Statistical Analysis: The data for all the samples was obtained and subjected to statistical analysis. Conclusion: Group B (Nano-filled composite resin) achieved superior results over the nano-hybrid composite resin group and exhibited lesser microleakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to evaluate the potentiality of aluminium gallium arsenide laser in caries diagnosis and caries inhibition. Dental caries is the one of the most common oral affliction affecting humankind. The management strategies are dependent on the stage at which caries is detected. The incipient carious lesions are characterized by subsurface dissolution due to more fluoride ions in the 50-100 microns of the tooth’s outer surface. Sub surface, non cavitated lesions are amenable to remineralization, thus early detection and diagnosis is of prime importance. Aluminium gallium arsenide lasers have wide range of clinical applications like diagnosis in field of operative dentistry and endodontics, soft tissue conditions. Its applicability in hard tissues of teeth is still being explored. 10 Patients of either sex, between age of 18 years to 25 years having initial pit and fissure caries on first or second mandibular molar were included in the pilot study and its respective contralateral tooth served as control. The laser fluorescence method values were noted for both test/treatment and control. The concerned teeth - was irradiated with 810 nm Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) diode laser (Whitestar TM, Creation, Verona, Italy) for 30 seconds followed by application of remineralizing paste containing casein phospho peptide amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride (CPP-ACP- F). The contralateral tooth type serve as control-(Group A), in which after noting laser fluorescence readings only remineralization paste was applied. The laser fluorescence method values are noted. Thereafter follow up at 3, 6 monthly intervals included serial scanning with Laser fluorescence pen and comparison with baseline reading. The readings determined if caries has been inhibited, arrested or progressed. Statistical analysis was done using paired ‘t’ test to compare control and test groups and calculation of the mean. Laser fluorescence values in test group have remarkably decreased soon after irradiation and this was followed by further decrease in values even during follow up. Laser fluorescence can be used as tool for diagnosis of dental caries and laser irradiation leads to caries inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the bactericidal effect of 980 nm gallium aluminium arsenide laser and irrigating solutions such as 3% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine in E. faecalis infected root canals Material Method: Thirtynoncarious mandibular premolar teeth were selected for the study. crowns of all the teeth were decoronated working length was determined followed by cleaning and shaping of the root canal was done using protaper size F 2. Pure bacterial culture of E faecalis (ATTCCC 29219) in BHI broth was obtained and inoculated into the root canal using insulin syringe and incubated for 48hrs, after 48 hrs root canal were disinfected using following irrigation protocol: Positive control group (n=5) –Tooth inoculated with E faecalis with no irrigation, negative control no bacterial inoculation. Experimental group (n=10) –group 1-5% sodium hypochlorite as irrigant followed by laser irradiation group II (n=10)-2% Chlorhexidine along with laser disinfection. After disinfection, the root samples were collected using the paper point and was placed in BHI broth incubated for 24hrs. The samples were then collected from the tube and streaked into brain heart infusion agar plates using a nichrome wire loop and incubated for 24 hrs. Bacterial colony counting and scanning electron microscopic analysis was done to evaluate the efficacy of irrigation protocol on disinfection of the root canal system. Results: student t-test was done to assess the level of significance between the groups. The results showed no statistically significant results between the two groups.However, chlorhexidine with laser showed less no of bacterial colonies compared to sodium hypochlorite with the laser. Conclusion: within the limitation of this study both chlorhexidine with laser and sodium hypochlorite with laser can be a promising treatment option for disinfection of the root canal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of microbial leakage of cotton, cellulose sponge and polytetrafluoroethylene tape (PTFE) tape used as spacers in an in vitro microbiologic model when impregnated with calcium hydroxide and iodoform based medicaments. Materials and Method: The study consisted of three groups of spacers: Group I: Cotton, Group II: Cellulose sponge and Group III: PTFE tape. The groups were further subdivided into 3 groups where spacers were used alone, impregnated with calcium hydroxide medicament and impregnated with iodoform based medicament. Forty five intact mandibular human premolars were used to check the access cavity bacterial contamination. The teeth were disinfected, pulpal remnants removed, and access cavities were swabbed with sterile cotton. Spacers were placed and the teeth were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in nutrient broth till cementoenamel junction. The access cavities were checked for contamination after 7 days by swabbing with sterile cotton and streaking the agar plates with the same. Bacterial colony formation was observed in all groups. Results: 82% of samples in the cotton spacer group showed colonies > 105 CFU/ml, while those impregnated with medicament showed colonies < 102 CFU/ ml. Conclusion: According to the present study, the effectiveness of the three materials when used with medicament is best in case of cotton followed by cellulose sponge. While in test groups where no medicament was used, PTFE tape was the most effective and cotton showed least potential against preventing bacterial uptake. Clinical significance: Microbes cause periapical inflammation entering coronally during endodontic treatment. Hence an efficient provisional restoration and an interim spacer material is of paramount importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perforations in the furcation region are one of the major complications leading to failure of endodontic treatment and causes significant impact on the long term prognosis of the tooth. It is estimated that furcation perforation is the second major cause of failure in endodontics. Biodentine is a calcium silicatebased bioactive material. It is a powder liquid system, powder composed of Tri-calcium silicate, Di-calcium silicate, Calcium carbonate and oxide, Iron oxide, Zirconium oxide. Liquid consist of Calcium chloride, Hydro soluble polymer. It is easy to handle owing to its ease of manipulation and a short setting time approximately 12 minutes, has high alkaline pH and is a biocompatible material makes it a favourable material for perforation repair, whereas cyanoacrylate has been shown to be an excellent tissue adhesive and hemostatic agent which is well tolerated by the tissues of the oral cavity, promotes healing of the tissues. Hence, this study would compare the microleakage of mineral trioxide aggregate and cyanoacrylate cement, in repairing furcal perforations using 2% methylene blue dye solution, conc. Nitric acid, ELISA plates for detecting the maximum dye leakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saliva is secreted by major salivary glands; namely parotid, submandibular, sublingual and various other minor glands present in the oral cavity. Secreted systematically, it has been known to possess multiple informative proteins and peptides, which may serve as biomarkers in the early detection of various diseases. Early detection of diseases is vital not only to reduce the severity of the disease and avoid complications, but is also critical in increasing the success rate of treatment. In recent years, saliva has been researched extensively as a proficient diagnostic tool due to its ease of sampling and non-invasive access. This review will update on recent advances in salivary biomarkers to diagnose cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed at clinically evaluating air abrasion as an ultraconservative operative tool in early diagnosis and intervention of site 1, size 1 carious lesions. 50 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria of site 1 size 1 lesion found bilaterally on first/second mandibular molar were included in the study and randomly assigned into 2 groups. Group A - Treatment modality - conventional cavity preparation. Group B - Treatment modality - ultra conservative cavity preparation by air abrasion. Restoration was done with posterior composite/flowable composite depending upon depth and extent of cavity. Postoperatively pain perception was noted by visual analogue scoring and preferred treatment modality was scored. Both the groups were evaluated clinically and radiologically at an interval of 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Statistical analysis was done by student' 't' test to determine statistical difference between expired and survived in the parameters measured, Wilcoxon test for evaluating median survival time and Chi square test of significance for proportion analysis. Group A showed 5 biological failures and 5 mechanical failures which required replacement, whereas there were failures in Group B. Cavities produced were shallower and narrower in air abrasion group as compared to conventional method. Air abrasion offers the advantage of reducing chairside time, less pain, allays fear, reduces vibration. Air abrasion was the preferred treatment modality of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

372 human maxillary first molar teeth with three separate roots from the Dakshina Kannada population were selected for the study. Teeth with completely formed apices with no presence of any developmental defects were included in the study. Endodontically treated teeth and those with severe alterations in root canal anatomy were excluded from the study. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of 372 maxillary first molars were processed using the ProMax 3D Mid (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland) version - 4, and projected onto a Dell LED screen (Model no: E1913Sf) to observe sections in coronal, sagittal and axial views as well as a 3D reconstruction. Results showed that out of the 372 maxillary first molars evaluated using CBCT, 196 teeth showed the presence of MB2 canals (52.6%). Vertucci's Type II canal configuration was found in 163 (83.4%) teeth, Vertucci's Type IV canal configuration was found in 33 (33.6%) teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate microhardness of demineralized enamel following different surface treatment. Materials and method: 114 extracted intact posterior teeth were selected so to obtain 228 samples. They were sectioned mesio-distally and coated with nail varnish so to obtain windows of 3mm × 3mm. All except control were demineralized by placing in demineralizing solution for 24 hours. The samples were divided into 19 groups of six samples each as follows: 1. Control, 2. Demineralized teeth, 3. Laser 2 watts, 4. Laser 2.5 Watts, 5. Laser 3 watts, 6. Laser 3.5 watts, 7. Laser 4 Watts, 8. Enafix, 9.CPP-ACP F, 10. Laser 2 watts + Enafix, 11. Laser 2.5 Watts + Enafix, 12. Laser 3 watts + Enafix, 13 Laser 3.5 watts + Enafix, 14. Laser 4 watts + Enafix, 15. Laser 2 watts + CPP-ACP F, 16. Laser 2.5 Watts + CPP -ACP F, 17. Laser 3 watts + CPP-ACP F, 18. Laser 3.5 watts + CPP-ACP F, 19 Laser 4 watts + CPP-ACP F. Statistical analysis was done by non-parametric test Kruskal Walis and Mann Whitney and one-way ANOVA test and Post Hoc test for multiple comparison. Results: The mean hardness value of controls was 262.87. The demineralized group had the least hardness value (101.50). The hardness values of Laser 3.5 watts followed by application of CPP-ACP F paste was the closet to that of control (245.15). The laser 4 watts and CPP-ACP F combination was next best (244.50). The irradiation of 3.5 watts (235.83) and 4.5 watts (235.87) was just marginally less than the same wattage followed by CPP-ACP F group. Conclusions: Aluminium Gallium Arsenide Laser when used in combination with CPP-ACP F brings about statistically significant increase in surface hardness and results are comparable to lasers when used alone. The scores are similar to control tooth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass Ionomers have been shown to be a very useful adjunct to restorative dentistry due to their properties such as; biocompatibility with body's hard tissue, long-term fluoride release, low thermal expansion coefficient, good adhesion to moist enamel and dentin without requiring an intermediate agent and low cytotoxicity. Compressive stress results when the body is subjected to two sets of forces in the same straight line but directed toward each other and it is an important property to be considered while choosing a restorative material. FUJI IX and Ketac Molar are two conventional packable high strength glass ionomer cements used to restore teeth in high stress bearing areas. Equia Forte which is a relatively new glass ionomer cement which can be used to restore teeth in high stress bearing areas. It containins ultrafine glass particles and a higher molecular weight Polyacrylic acid. the purpose of the study undertaken was to evaluate and compare the compressive strength of FUJI IX, Ketac Molar and EQUIA FORTE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]