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A three-year field trial was set up to study the effect of the soil insecticide terbufos on the selectivity of primisulfuron-methyl, rimsulfuron, and nicosulfuron towards three maize hybrids. The use of primisulfuron-methyl, rimsulfuron, and nicosulfuron after the application of the soil insecticide terbufos resulted in significant plant damage and a decrease of the above-ground plant weight and height, plant height and grain yield in three maize hybrids. The most susceptible hybrid was NS 420, while NS 375 and NS 640 exhibited approximately the same levels of tolerance towards the interaction between terbufos and the sulfonylureas. The highest levels of phytotoxicity resulting from the terbufos by sulfonylurea interaction were observed in the treatments with the most precipitation after the application of the insecticide and just before that of the herbicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yield performance is an important target in sunflower hybrid breeding. This property, in addition to yield stability, is crucial for producers and it depends on many factors. One of these factors is plant number per area unit. This property is greatly influenced by polyphagous in sects, either those residing in the soil (wire worms) or those that attack young leaves (aphids, crickets, etc.). These damages decrease crop stand and yield performance. Because of that, systemic insecticides are often applied in seed treatment. The treated seed is more expensive, but a reduced number of tratments during growing season, better plant stand and improved yield performance compensate for the higher price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2005 and 2006, the agent of tan spot, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, was registered in high intensities in several locations u Serbia. Under conditions of natural infection, lowest disease intensities were observed in the winter wheat cultivar Simonida (trace). Most sensitive to P.tritici-repentis were the durum wheat cultivars Durumko and Dušan, rated 03 and exhibiting the infection intensity of 40%, while the triticale cultivar Odisej was rated 03 and the infection intensity in traces, to 5%. The application of the biological fungicide Koni WG, which contains Coniothirium minitans spores in an in active substrate, showed that the permanent in activation of sclerotia amounted to about 67%, in response to the action of the fungicide's active agent. Most of the insecticides used for seed treatment provided a significantly better sugarbeet stand that the untreated control. Due to their systemic action, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and their mixtures with fipronil provided very good protection of young plants against beet leaf aphid and less efficient protection against beet weevil. All insecticides for corn seed treatment provided significant reductions in the extent of root damage by western corn rootworm larvae. Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops has intensive programs of development of sun flower and corn hybrids tolerant to certain herbicides. Tests are conducted on possibilities of weed control by means of herbicide protectants. In Serbia, special interest was raised by the sun flower tolerant to imidazolinones (Clearfield* sytem) and tribenuron methyl and the corn tolerant to cycloxydim (Duo Sys tem). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]