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Recently developed monitoring-systems show the need as also the possibilities for online- and offline-onsite-diagnostics. The limit in sensitivity for electrical pd-measurements according to IEC 60270 which is reached using filters for sinusoidal disturbances and compensation for corona impulses is still not satisfactory. The acoustic partial discharge measurement (pd-measurement) is also a well known and reliable method often used by transformer manufacturers in testing. In laboratory setups a gain in sensitivity of the acoustic in comparison to the electrical pd measurements could be established. This is reached by adapting the sensors to the propagation path, a modern but moderately priced acquisition hardware and the introduction of new signal processing algorithms. The developed sophisticated measuring systems show remarkable results in online acoustic pd-measurements onsite.

We are pleased to announce that the April 2018 issue of the IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation (TDEI) will be devoted to Electrostatics. This issue is open to all authors, including authors of expanded papers given to the 10th Conference of the French Society of Electrostatics held in Poitiers in August 2016. The following non-exclusive list of topics may serve as a guideline for prospective authors.

In the June issue of the magazine, we talked about the rationale behind the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTT-S) International Microwave Symposium (IMS) double-blind review system, where not only are the reviewers not known to the authors but the authors are not (nominally) known to the reviewers. This reduces the chance of any bias on the part of the reviewer for or against any particular author. Nevertheless, it also makes it harder for the reviewer to catch double publication. Now we look at what you can do to increase chances of acceptance.

The safety and reliability of low-voltage, high-resistance grounding (HRG) schemes have made them an excellent choice for applications in the pulp, paper and other process industries. As facilities shift toward this technology for reliability in low-voltage substations, retrofitting existing grounded systems becomes the focus of several critical application considerations. This article briefly reviews different grounding methods and their theories of operation. Examples of actual installations are presented that identify potential misapplications of high-resistance ground retrofits. The authors discuss typical ground voltages and currents, and present important considerations for reliable and safe installation of HRG equipment.

Personal computers (PCs) are increasingly being used in industrial applications. Graphical user interface (GUI) software and Windows-based operating systems are proving to be cost-effective, rugged and reliable. This paper describes how these advances have, over the past four years, allowed the successful installation of several human-machine interface (HMI) systems for paper machine winders.

We discuss the fragility of controllers against small inaccuracies of controller parameters. A useful way to gain insight into controller fragility is to consider the fragility of poles and zeros. Certain controller design methods and controller parametrizations are especially vulnerable to fragility problems. It is hoped that the controversy and debate around the claimed fragility of designs obtained by modern robust and optimal control theories calls attention to the relevance of the work on fixed wordlength effects in controller implementation. A case study on a paper machine headbox control problem is included to illustrate that if a good robust control design method is used, together with a reasonable controller realization (parametrization), it should be possible to combat controller fragility in a fairly satisfactory, although indirect, manner. However, it would certainly be interesting to study whether controller fragility could be directly addressed within some generalized robust control design theory.

This paper provides an introduction to the paper presented by Prof. Pupin, which deals with a method of measuring the radiation resistance of an antenna. In order to provide a perspective for the significance of Pupin's paper, a brief review of the state of antenna knowledge in 1913 is given first. The highlights of Pupin's paper are then discussed, followed by a summary of significant milestones in the development of our current state of knowledge about the impedance properties of wire type antennas and how it is evaluated.

In this paper, the influence of streaming electrification on the creeping discharge of an oil-paper insulation system has been investigated, using experimental models. Experimental results indicate that the initial creeping discharge voltage of the oil-paper insulation system decreases with oil flow rate. The creeping discharge path develops toward the oil entrance, and there are polarity and position effects on the creeping discharge under oil flowing conditions. Reasons for failure due to dendritic discharge on the surface of barrier boards in power transformers have been revealed in these experiments.

This book is written as a text for a scientific research writing course but could also be used as a reference book to support a research methods course or be a useful companion for a student in the thesis stage of his or her program. In addition, this book would remain as a useful reference for researchers through their careers. The most appropriate place to locate this book as a text for students pursuing a program involving a research project would depend on the division of subject areas into courses in the particular program.

Times are changing in the electric utility industry and public groups are taking a more active role in the integrated resource planning (IRP) process by presenting their advice and consultation on matters of public concerns as evidenced in this paper's abstracts that summarize the panel session held during the 1994 Summer Power Meeting in San Francisco, California. Each panelist presented a different perspective on public participation in the IRP process with examples of how their companies developed and implemented this process. This paper summarizes the individual presentations and discussions.

Current paper mill-wide preventive maintenance programs may be lacking a critical, cost and labor-cutting component: the use of "environmental control" to prevent corrosion of electronic and electrical equipment. Field results indicate that from 30 to 40 percent of computer board failures are directly due to corrosion. This corrosion can be prevented by controlling the quality of the air in rooms where electronics are located. In this paper, environmental specifications are discussed by which the environmental conditions within the electronics rooms can be measured and compared to established ISA standards. Case studies have shown that controlling environmental conditions can substantially reduce unnecessary repair and maintenance costs associated with electronic's failure-and thus should be aggressively incorporated into every mill's preventive maintenance program.

We demonstrate a high-performance organic thin-film transistor array fabricated on a flexible paper substrate. As a water and chemical barrier layer, 6-/spl mu/m-thick parylene has been coated on the paper substrate by using the vacuum deposition. The parylene layer protects the paper substrate from becoming damp during the wet chemical process. Using poly (3-hexylthiophene) as an active layer, a high-performance organic transistor with field effect mobility up to 0.086 cm/sup 2//V/spl middot/s and an on/off ratio of 10/sup 4/ can be achieved. Organic transistors built on a cheap paper substrate open a channel for future applications in flexible and disposable electronics with extremely low-cost.

The papers in this special issue were presented at the 2014 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS 2014) on Breakthrough for Distributed Diagnostic and Therapy, that was held October 22–24, 2014, at EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.

The special issue showcases selected papers arising out of the Underwater Communications and Networking Conference held in Sestri Levante, Italy, September 3–5, 2014 (UComms14), second in a series of focused meetings intended to bring the best in the field together to present, discuss, and review the state of the art. Major topics span from physical-layer issues to higher layer considerations such as adaptive power strategies and scheduling to optimize channel throughput, clock synchronisation, and network simulation using physical-layer replay.

Since the origins of science, researchers' main output has been books and papers that describe new theoretical and practical ideas and results. These sources are useful and important, but learning from them is often not easy. How can we facilitate this learning process?

We are very pleased to present this Special Section that collects several scientific contributions effectively presented as Industry Papers at the 2015 IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility and Signal Integrity held in Santa Clara, CA, USA in March 2015. The Industry Paper was a new format introduced to the EMC Symposium at Santa Clara. The main reason for this format was to attract high-quality contributions to the technical program by allowing the busy industry authors to submit abstracts for review, considering the fastpaced environment in today's high-speed industry. Due to the practical nature of the EMC field, a high level of professional involvement is essential.

We are pleased to announce that the February 2018 issue of the IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation (TDEI) will be a special issue on High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission System Insulation topics.

This classic paper [1] by D. G. Little (Fig. 1), published 74 years ago this month, is the earliest, and perhaps the only, record available in the literature that describes in detail the equipment and auxiliary apparatus used in the world’s first radio broadcasting station: KDKA of East Pittsburgh, PA. By all accounts, at 8:00 p.m. on November 2, 1920, KDKA began its first broadcast of the Harding–Cox presidential election returns. With a power output of 100 W, the transmitter’s signals reached out several hundreds of miles from the station. Its great success led its owner, the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, to increase its power output by tenfold within one year. By the end of 1923, KDKA was regularly heard in all parts of the United States and some parts of Europe, South America, and the Hawaiian Islands.

Many utilities still have paper-insulated pipe type cables in service. In the near future they may have to replace some of these systems due to local increases in electric power demand or aged cable insulation. In many cases the steel pipes are well protected against corrosion and thus suitable for further use. For retrofitting in such installations, XLPE-insulated cables offer several advantages. Felten & Guilleaume Energietechnik AG has developed a new three-core XLPE-insulated 64/110 kV cable with reduced insulation thickness (10 mm), that can be pulled into a pipe. In co-operation with VEW ENERGIE AG, the cable performance is being investigated in a field test, that started in October 1996. This long-term loading cycle test will last for three years. The test voltage, applied between conductor and earth, amounts to 127 kV. The temperature is measured with the help of an optical-fiber measurement system. This device is computer controlled and works as a remote monitoring system.

HVDC cables start playing a more and more important role in interconnecting national grids. This paper deals with the calculation of electric fields in HVDC cables. The calculation of fields in an HVDC cable is far more complex than the equivalent case in HV ac cables. This is due to the fact that the conductivity of the cable insulation is temperature and field dependent and due to the fact that the electric fields under dc voltage may be time-dependent. The field distribution in an HVDC cable may be of a capacitive, intermediate (and time-dependent) or resistive nature. The kind of field depends on the stage the cable finds itself in: for instance, whether the voltage has just been applied, whether a polarity reversal has occurred or whether the field distribution has become stable. For each stage, the method of calculating, together with the computed results on a real HVDC cable are discussed. Usually, the effect of heating of the insulation by the leakage current may be disregarded. However, in certain cases, i.e. the cable temperature and applied voltage are high enough, the field distribution is influenced by these insulation losses. They even may lead to an instability that causes breakdown of the cable. A cable in service may be subjected to impulses superimposed on the dc voltage. The most severe case is that of an impulse superimposed on a dc voltage of opposite polarity. The calculation of the field distribution in this situation also is carried out.

The problem of online estimation of basis weight and moisture content in paper machines is discussed, and algorithms for separating cross machine and machine direction (MD) variations using scanned data are proposed. Because of its inherent nonlinearity, the moisture scheme uses a bootstrap algorithm, assuming known MD dynamics. For basis weight, the model linearity can be used to develop an extended Kalman filter to estimate the more complicated MD dynamics. Both algorithms have been tested on industrial data. Results from the basis-weight algorithm when applied to industrial scanned and stationary data collected from an operating paper machine show that a second order autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model gives the best fit to the data in terms of sum of squares of prediction errors and in terms of the whiteness of the residual. Furthermore, there is a very good agreement between the MD models estimated with the scanned data and the single point data. >

Over the period of 1985 through 1990, numerous papers were published on the subject of artificial intelligence (AI) and expert systems (ES) applications at nuclear power plants. A selection of these papers is given, arranged in the following categories: general descriptions of AI/ES techniques, specific AI/ES applications, knowledge-base development and modeling techniques, maintenance and diagnostics, operations and training support, procedural assistance and emergency response, risk assessment and reliability, and design tools. >

An electric utility capacity increase from 50 to 100 MVA was implemented in a large Kraft paper mill in the USA. All existing plant 15 kV switchgear and controls were replaced and a new tie line constructed during a nine-month period prior to the utility increase. Electrical and process control rooms were built to house new switchgear and computer control equipment. All installation work was done during outages scheduled for other plant objectives. The new switchgear installed consists of 42 cells of 1000 MVA class equipment. The control system includes operator workstations, supervisory PLC, and remote I/O racks. Breaker control, metering, and load shedding functions are performed by the control system.

The MOSFET scaling principles for obtaining simultaneous improvements in transistor density, switching speed, and power dissipation described by Robert H. Dennard and others in "Design of Ion-implanted MOSFETs with Very Small Physical Dimensions" (1974 ) became a roadmap for the semiconductor industry to provide systematic and predictable transistor improvements. New technology generations emerging approximately every three years during the 1970's and 1980's and appearing every other year starting in the mid-1990's, promise to continue although we face growing challenges.

Multiuser diversity has attracted significant attention recently. In this letter, we propose a greedy algorithm based on QR decomposition of the channel and dirty paper precoding to exploit the multiuser diversity of the Gaussian vector broadcast channel. Simulations show the approach provides performance which is extremely close to a well-known upper bound on the sum rate. Further, exploiting multiuser diversity can provide large gain over approaches ignoring this resource.

Previously, companies could publish the interfaces or other aspects of their products and expect that they would become a standard. In fact, there are more examples of this failing, than examples where a company's market position made its product the de facto standard. Today, consumers and customers expect multi-vendor interoperability and will not tolerate proprietary interfaces. There is a need for market driven standards.

Since its successful inauguration in Beijing, August, 2012, the IEEE international Conference on Communications (ICCC) has been globally recognized as one of the important annual international conferences held by the IEEE Communication Society (ComSoc) and China Institute of Communications (CIC). IEEE/CIC ICCC'14, the third ICCC held in Shanghai, China, 13–15 October, 2014, continued to expand its influence and had attracted distinguished scholars, key researchers, young investigators and ambitious students from dozens of countries and regions. The technical program of ICCC 2014 features 4 world-class plenary keynote speeches, 8 technical symposia, 5 tutorials, 4 industrial and academic panels and 1 workshop, covering from decades-long hot topics such as MIMO, interference coordination, heterogeneous networks and etc., to recent eye-catchers such as big data and social networks. The conference not only provided a forum and seminar for active researchers from every directions of this academia, but also attracted delegates from the main players in the industry.

As the Editor-in-Chief for the IEEE JOURNAL OF EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN POWER ELECTRONICS (IEEE JESTPE), it is my great honor to announce the winners of our inaugural annual prize paper awards.

The existence of artificial Earth satellites and of very low-noise maser amplifiers makes microwave links using spherical satellites as passive reflectors seem an interesting alternative to cable or tropospheric scatter for broadband transatlantic communication. A satellite in a polar orbit at a height of 3000 mi would be mutually visible from Newfoundland and the Hebrides for 22.0% of the time and would be over 7.25/spl deg/ above the horizon at each point for 17.7% of the time. Out of 24 such satellites, some would be mutually visible over 7.25/spl deg/ above the horizon 99% of the time. With 100-ft diameter spheres, 150-ft diameter antennas, and a noise temperature of 20/spl deg/K, 85 kw at 2000 mc or 9.5 kw at 6000 mc could provide a 5-mc baseband with a 40-dB signal-to-noise ratio. The same system of satellites could be used to provide further communication at other frequencies or over other paths.

This Series presents selected papers from the ITU Kaleidoscope Academic Conference that convened in Kyoto, Japan from the 22nd to 24th of April 2013. The topic of the conference was "Building Sustainable Communities," in recognition of the challenges that Japan is facing after the Great East Earthquake. The hosts were the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication (MIC) of Japan and Kyoto University. Kyoto University is the second oldest Japanese national university after the University of Tokyo. It was founded in 1897 following the Meiji Restoration, which adopted various western systems to build a modern state.

In the original paper (G.A. Dumont, I.M. Jonsson, M.S. Davies, F.T. Ordubadi, Y. Fu, K. Natarajan, C. Lindeborg, and E.M. Heaven, ibid., vol. 1, p. 101-13, 1993), it is assumed that the sample time is the same and constant for each cross machine position. The author asserts that in fact the first cross-directional point, i.e. the point at the edge of the paper sheet, alternates between sample times of zero and twice the scan time. It is concluded that the moisture estimates could be further improved by using a model with 2N "positions", where there are N cross-directional measurement point. >

The principles of the model-based document analysis system called Pi ODA (paper interface to office document architecture), which was developed as a prototype for the analysis of single-sided business letters in German, are presented. Initially, Pi ODA extracts a part-of hierarchy of nested layout objects such as text-blocks, lines, and words based on their presentation on the page. Subsequently, in a step called logical labeling, the layout objects and their compositions are geometrically analyzed to identify corresponding logical objects that can be related to a human perceptible meaning, such as sender, recipient, and date in a letter. A context-sensitive text recognition for logical objects is then applied using logical vocabularies and syntactic knowledge. As a result, Pi ODA produces a document representation that conforms to the ODA international standard. >

The six papers in this special section were presented at the ISSCC 2013 conference that was held in San Francisco, CA, Feb 17-21, 2013.

The three articles in this special section were selected as the "Best Papers" presented at IEEE WiVeC 2013.

Conduction currents and thermally stimulated discharge (TSD) currents were studied in aramid paper at various field strengths and temperatures. At low field strengths the conductivity is ohmic, and at higher field strengths (up to 30 MV/m), ionic conduction is a possible mechanism. The activation energy of low field conduction is determined and at high electric fields the hopping distance for ions is in the range of 4.4 to 8.0 nm. TSD currents are also measured at various poling fields, formation and storage times, and rates of heating. The TSD current shows a peak at 135 degrees C for a rate of heating of 1 K/min and shifts to a higher value when the rate of heating is increased. The peak current and the charge released to the external circuit is proportional to the poling field. The observed peak is attributed to the depolarization of permanent dipoles with a room temperature relaxation time of 5.3*10/sup 5/ s. >

We are pleased to announce that the August 2017 issue of the IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation (TDEI) will be a special issue on power modulators, repetitive pulsed power, and high voltage topics.

Since 2002, the IEEE SENSORS CONFENRENCE has been held in a different country every year, keeping a tradition of alternating continents. Today, it has become one of the indispensable conferences in the sensors field to attend.