Search

Furthermore, mycobiota was identified on the seed. All examined genotypes were characterized by high average values for seed germination. The highest average seed germination was determined in the genotyp Siam queen and amounts to 96.8%. The greatest mass of 1000 seeds was determined in genotyp Genovese it was 1.75g. The seed of examined populations is characterized by high content of fatty oil. The greatest content was recorded in genotype Lattuga and it was 20,33%. The analysis of seed dimensions established significant differences between average values for length, width and thickness, i.e. plumpness of seeds. Genotype Genovese is was characterized by largest seeds. Four fungi genders were isolated and identified on the seed. Species from Alternaria gender were identified in the seed samples of all examined basil genotypes. Species from Penicillium and Gonatobotrys genus were isolated from the sample of seeds of one genotypes. In a sample of semen from two genotypes were identified fungi of the genus Cladosporium. U radu je izvršena ocena kvaliteta semena introdukovanih genotipova bosiljka. Analizirani su sledeći parametri: energija klijanja, ukupna klijavost, masa 1000 semena, sadržaj masnog ulja u semenu i krupnoća semena (dužina, širina i debljina). Takođe, identifikovana je i mikobiotana semenu. Svi ispitivani genotipovi se odlikuju visokim prosečnim vrednostima klijavosti semena. Najveća prosečna klijavost semena utvrđena je kod genotipa Siam queen (96,8%). Kod genotipa Genovese utvrđena je najveća masa 1000 semena (1,75g).Seme ispitivanih populacija karakteriše se i visokim sadržajem masnog ulja. Najveći sadržaj je zabeležen kod genotipa Lattuga (20,33%). Analizom dimenzija semena utvrđene su značajne razlike prosečnih vrednosti za dužinu, širinu i debljinu, odnosno krupnoću semena.Genotip Genovese se odlikuje najkrupnijim semenom.Na semenu je izolovano i identifikovano četiri različitih rodova gljiva.U uzorcima semena svih ispitivanih genotipova bosiljka identifikovane su vrste iz roda Alternaria.Vrste iz roda Penicilliumi Gonatobotryssu izolovane iz uzoraka semena jednog genotipa.U uzorku semena dva genotipa je identifikovana gljiva iz roda Cladosporium.

There are various biostimulators in the contemporary plant production which have effect on plant development. Active biostimulators substances, characterized by high protein content, are of natural origin and they have been produced by enzymatic hydrolysis. Since quality planting is a precondition to a successful production, intensive production methods, namely various natural (organic) stimulators, have been applied to find new technological solutions, which is the goal of the research. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture of Belgrade. Lemon balm nursery plants (Melissa officinalis L.) was produced in containers. Viva, Actiwave and Radifarm were the biostimuli added in nursery plants production, in the concentrations of 0,20 and 0,40%. The experiment included seven versions. Biostimulators Viva were used to water the planting each 10 days, while Actiwave and Radifarm was used for the same purpose each 15 days. Research results indicate considerable, positive effect of the use of natural biostimulators in the production of lemon balm nursery plants. The best quality of nursery plants was achieved when Actiwave biostimulators was used in concentrations of 0,2%. U savremenoj biljnoj proizvodnji prisutni su različiti biostimulatori koji utiču na razvoj biljaka. Aktivne materije biostimulatora su prirodnog porekla, a dobijene su enzimatskom hidrolizom i odlikuju se visokim sadržajem proteina. Kako je kvalitetan rasad uslov uspešne proizvodnje cilj istraživanja bio je iznalaženje novih tehnoloških rešenja primenom intenzivnih načina proizvodnje i to upotrebom različitih prirodnih (organskih) biostimulatora. Ogled je sproveden u stakleniku Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu. Rasad matičnjaka (Melissa officinalis L.) je proizveden u kontejnerima. Prilikom proizvodnje rasada dodavani su sledeći biostimulatori: Viva, Actiwave i Radifarm u koncentracijama od 0,20% i 0,40%. Ogled se sastojao od sedam varijanti. Rasad je zalivan biostimulatorom Viva na svakih 10 dana, a biostimulatorima Actiwave i Radifarm na svakih 15 dana. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na značajan, pozitivan, efekat upotrebe prirodnih biostimulatora u proizvodnji rasada matičnjaka. Najbolji kvalitet rasada postignut je upotrebom biostimulatora Actiwave i to u koncentraciji od 0,20%.

Until now the production of sage nursery production in warm beds has been meeting the needs with regard to the herb. However, the ever-increasing interest for the plant has initiated the need to enhance the technology of seedling production. Container nursery production being intensive has a number of advantages and is used in both vegetable and flower production. The "speedling system", i.e. the system of polystyrene containers with pots of different volumes for substrate and seed sowing is known to be the most rational and practical container production system. The objective of the study was to develop a model for sage nursery production production under controlled conditions using containers of various sizes. The sage nursery production was analyzed with respect to its growing under field conditions and consumption as a fresh spice. The seedlings were grown in containers of seven different sizes. The most favourable sage nursery production quality for field production was obtained in the largest sized containers cells 76 cm3.The highest sage fresh weight yield per m2 was obtained in 22 cm3 cell containers. Dosadašnja proizvodnja rasada žalfije u toplim i hladnim lejama zadovoljavala je postojeće potrebe za ovom biljnom vrstom. Povećanjem interesa za žalfijom nameće se potreba intenziviranja proizvodnje rasada. Kontejnerska proizvodnja rasada ima brojne prednosti u odnosu na klasičnu proizvodnju. Kao najracionalniji i najpraktičniji sistem kontejnerske proizvodnje pokazao se "speedling sistem", odnosno sistem polistirenskih (polipropilenskih) kontejnera sa ćelijama različite zapremine. Cilj ovog rada je određivanje najpovoljnijeg modela proizvodnje rasada žalfije u stakleniku korišćenjem kontejnera sa različitim zapreminama ćelija. Rasad žalfije je proizveden u sedam različitih kontejnera. Analizirani su sledeći parametri kvaliteta rasada žalfije: visina biljke, broj listova, masa biljke, masa korena i ukupna produkcija sveže mase žalfije po jedinici površine. Najbolji kvalitet rasada žalfije dobijen je proizvodnjom u kontejnerima sa najvećom zapreminom ćelije 76 cm3. Najveći prinos sveže mase žalfije po jedinici površine dobijen je proizvodnjom u kontejnerima sa zapreminom ćelije od 22 cm3.

Container seedling production being intensive has a number of advantages and is used in both vegetable and flower production. The 'speedling system' i.e. the system of polystyrene and polypropilene containers with pots of different volumes for substrate and seed sowing is known to be the most rational and practical container production system. The researches were conducted during 2007 in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade. The seedlings of marigold were grown in containers with different cell sizes (7,3; 20; 33; 80 cm3). The following parameters of seedling quality were analyzed: plant height, number of lateral branch, plant mass and root weight. The most favorable marigold seedling quality was obtained in the largest sized containers cells 80 cm3. Kontejnerska proizvodnja rasada kao intenzivni način proizvodnje rasada ima niz prednosti u odnosu na klasičnu, i svoju primenu je odavno pronašla u povrtarskoj i cvećarskoj proizvodnji. Od svih kontejnerskih sistema proizvodnje, najracionalniji i najpraktičniji se pokazao 'speedling sistem', odnosno sistem polistirenskih i polipropilenskih kontejnera sa ćelijama različite zapremine u koje se stavlja supstrat i vrši setva. Istraživanja su sprovedena tokom 2008. godine u stakleniku Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu. Rasad kadifice je proizveden u kontejnerima sa različitim zapreminama ćelija (7,3; 20; 33; 80 cm3). Analizirani su parametri kvaliteta rasada: visina biljke, broj bočnih grana, masa biljke i masa korena. Najbolji kvalitet rasada kadifice dobijen je proizvodnjom u kontejnerima sa najvećom zapreminom ćelije od 80 cm3.

Containers are frequently used in the production of seedlings because they are practical and easy to maintain. There are different types of containers. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages, like: purchasing price, duration, availability, conditions of keeping, transport, etc. Their size and shape can be very different. The size of the containers (cells) is crucial for the production of the seedlings. It has to be in correlation with the type of seedlings grown and with the duration of the production. Competent and experienced people can easily determine the right container size for a certain production of seedlings. Research was done in greenhouses. Plastic containers were used. The cell capacity varied from 7.3 to 80 cm3. The parameters crucial for the development of the seedlings as well as their qualities (the height of the plant, number of leaves, mass of the plant) were analyzed. Pepper seedlings were forming well only in 80 cm3 cells, thus they need to be grown in 80 cm3 cells or somewhat bigger cells. In cells which capacity varies from 7.3 to 33.5 cm3 seedlings used for stinging can be grown. Kontejneri se dosta koriste u proizvodnji rasada, jer su praktični i lako se održavaju. Postoje različiti tipovi kontejnera. Svaki od njih pokazuje određene prednosti i nedostatke, kao što su: nabavna cena, trajnost, dostupnost, pogodnost čuvanja, transport i drugo. Veličina i oblik izrazito im variraju. Veličina kontejnera (ćelija) ima odlučujući značaj za proizvodnju rasada. Ona mora biti u korelaciji sa vrstom gajenog rasada i trajanjem proizvodnje. Ogledi su izvedeni u staklenicima. Korišćeni su plastični kontejneri. Zapremina ćelija varirala je u rasponu od 7,3 do 80 cm³. Proučeni su parametri od kojih najviše zavisi razvijenost rasada, kao i njegov kvalitet (visina biljke, broj listova, masa biljke). Rasad paprike dobro se formirao samo u ćelijama od 80 cm³, pa ga treba gajiti u ćelijama te ili nešto veće zapremine. U ćelijama čija zapremina varira od 7,3 do 33,5 cm3 mogu se gajiti sejanci koji služe za pikiranje.

Nursery plants were studied on the domestic peat 'Gaj' originating from the Banat village Gaj. Different amounts of mineral fertilizers were added to peat using the formula 20:20:20 + microelements. Thus 5 substrates were prepared: 1) Gaj + 1.25 g of fertilizers; 2) Gaj + 1.85 g of fertilizers; 3) Gaj + 2.5 g of fertilizers; 4) Gaj + 3.12 g of fertilizers and 5) Gaj + 3.75 g of fertilizers (g on 1 l of peat). Peat only (without fertilizers) was used as control. Three nursery plant properties were studied: plant height, number of leaves per plant and plant weight (ground parts). The effect of fertilizers on nursery plants was positive. Substrates with fertilizer amounts 1.85 g and 2.5 g/l of peat were the most effective. Favorable results were also achieved using 1.25 g of fertilizer amounts in the substrate. Therefore, the best substrates are recommendable for use in pepper nursery plant production. Supstrati su pripremani od treseta 'Gaj' i kompleksnog mineralnog đubriva (20:20:20 + mikroelementi). U treset su unete različite količine đubriva (od 1,25 do 3,75g/l). Ispitan je uticaj supstrata na sledeće osobine rasada: visinu biljke, broj listova po biljci i masu biljke (nadzemni deo). Najbolje rezultate ostvarili su supstrati sa umerenim količinama đubriva (2,50 i 1,85g). Supstrati u koje je dodato 3,12 i 3,75g đubriva nisu pogodovali rasadu paprike (visoka koncentarcija hraniva).

The aim was to test new substrates in pot basil nursery plant production. Substrates were prepared using domestic peat from the village of Gaj adding mature manure and fertilizers in various proportions. Eleven substrates were tested. Peat (100%) was the control variant. Manure amounts of 10-15 vol % were added to the remaining variants. Fertilizer formulations 20:20:20 + Me at the following rates 1.25; 1. 85; 2.50; 3. 12 and 3.75 g/l were added to peat. The nursery plants obtained were of excellent quality. The best basil nursery plant quality was obtained using substrates with the manure share of 30 vol% but also with the 1.3 g fertilizer variant. Cilj rada je testiranje novih supstrata u proizvodnji rasada bosiljka u saksijama. Supstrati su pripremljeni od domaćeg treseta iz Gaja uz dodatak stajnjaka i mineralnog đubriva u različitim odnosima. Ispitano je ukupno 11 supstrata. Kontrolna varijanta bila je sam treset (100%). U ostalim varijantama je dodavan stajnjak u količini 10-50 vol%. Tresetu je dodavano i mineralno đubrivo formulacije 20:20:20 + mikroelementi u dozama 1,25; 1,85; 2,50; 3,12 i 3,75 g/l. Dobijen je rasad odličnog kvaliteta. Ispitivanja su pokazala da se najbolji kvalitet rasada bosiljka dobija na supstratima u kojima udeo stajnjaka iznosio 30 vol% i kod varijanti sa upotrebom mineralnog đubriva u dozi od 1,25g.

Trials were conducted during winter and spring (January-June). The following four crop densities were investigated: 2,08; 2,50; 3,12 and 4,17 plants/m2. The properties monitored were: number of tomato fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant and fruit yield per unit area (kg/m2). The American hybrid big bif was used in the trial. Investigations were conducted in 2003 and 2004. On average each plant yielded 26,35 fruits. The number of tomato fruits was greater in thin plant populations. The average fruit weight was 115,24g and had a declining trend in denser plant populations. The same may be concluded with regard to fruit yield per plant. Its average weight amounted to 3,04kg. On average 8,78kg of tomatoes were obtained on 1m2. Increasing plant density tended to increase yield. The most favorable crop density in glasshouse tomato production was 3 plants/m2. Paradajz je ispitivan u usevima čija je gustina varirala od 2,08 do 4,17 biljaka/ m2. Ispitan je njen uticaj na broj plodova po biljci, masu ploda, prinos plodova po biljci i prinos plodova po m2. Korišćen je hibridni paradajz. Svaka biljka je u proseku dala 26,35 plodova. Paradajz je davao veći broj plodova u ređim usevima. Masa ploda je u proseku dostigla 115,24g i opadala je sa povećavanjem gustine useva. Tako se ponašao i prinos plodova po biljci, čija prosečna vrednost iznosi 3,04kg. Sa površine od 1m2 u proseku je dobijano 8,78 kg paradajza. Ovaj prinos je rastao sa povećavanjem gustine useva. Pokazalo se da gustina useva za gajenje paradajza u staklenicima treba da iznosi oko 3 biljke/ m2. .

Snap bean yield was studied in a field trial during 2003 and 2004. The spring snap bean cultivar Presenta was used in the trial. The two variants in the trial included: 1) multiple-pass pod harvest and 2) single-pass pod harvest (control). The results with regard to pod yield per plant (g) and pod yield per hectare (t) were of major interest. The effect of single-pass harvest on snap bean yield was unfavorable decreasing pod yield. However, single-pass harvest (mechanical harvesting) is known to be widely used on large snap bean production areas. Manual harvesting (multiple-pass harvest) is used on small snap bean growing areas. . Boranija je ispitivana u poljskim ogledima. Mahune su brane jednokratno i višekratno (kontrola). Ispitivana je prolećna boranija, sorta "prezenta". U radu je prikazan prinos mahuna po biljci (g/biljka) i prinos mahuna po hektaru (t/ha). Jednokratna berba je negativno uticala na boraniju. U stvari, ona je smanjivala prinos. To je iznosilo 7,49 g (po biljci) i 2,54 t (po hektaru). Boranija je u proseku donosila 9,24 t/ha mahuna. .

On the average, there was a positive effect of pre-winter sowing on earliness of parsley (by 24 days). Parsley yield varied depending on weather conditions. Root yield was more susceptible. On the average, it amounted to 22.79 and 25.84 g/ha. The difference in favor of spring sowing amounted to 3.05 g/ha and was statistically significant. Leaf yield amounted to 3.67 and 4.38 t/ha. The difference was 0.71 t/ha and was statistically insignificant. Thus, it could be conclude that pre-winter sowing effected parsley. Especially was effected earliness. Therefore, in parsley production should be employed pre-winter sowing. U radu se govori o uticaju predzimske setve na ranostasnost i prinos peršuna Setva je obavljana kasno u jesen (novembar-decembar), tj. pred nastupanje jačih mrazeva. Kao kontrola poslužila je prolećna setva. Utvrđeno je da predzimska setva značajno povećava ranostasnost peršuna, dok se prinos smanjuje. Predzimsku setvu ipak vredi koristiti u proizvodnji peršuna (povećava se ranostasnost).

Underwinter sowing had a favorable effect on earlmess of carrot resulting in a 29 days earlier maturing (average). Underwinter sowing had no effect on carrot yield although there was a difference in yield. Spring sowing contributed to some what higher yields although the results were statistically insignificant. The conclusion which tends to emerge is a favorable effect of underwinter sowing on carrot production. It is of major importance that underwinter sowing contributes to earliness because early carrot was noted to be highly profitable (price) on the market. U radu se govori o uticaju predzimske setve na ranostasnost i prinos mrkve. Setva je obavljana kasno u jesen (novembar-decembar), tj. pred nastupanje jačih mrazeva. Kao kontrola posluzila je prolećna (normalna) setva. Utvrđeno je da predzimska setva značajno povećava ranostasnost ovog povrća, dok je prinos manje-više isti. Može se reći da u proizvodnji mrkve vredi koristiti predzimsku setvu (povećava se ranostasnost).