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Experiment where we examined effects of crop rotation and mineral fertilizers on leaf area and wheat grain yield was set up 1986. on experimental field of Maize Research Institute in Zemun Polje. In experiment exist two type of cropping systems: maize-wheat crop rotation and maize-soybean-wheat crop rotation. We used two type of mineral fertilizers: N:P:K 15:15:15 (which we applied before wheat sowing) and Urea 46% N (we applied in period of wheat side dressing). Fertilizers used in four different quantities. We examined leaf area of wheat flag leaf, total leaf area and wheat grain yield. In this paper we used one-year results (from 2013). Based on results of examination, crop rotation and mineral fertilizers have had strong influence on leaf area of flag leaf, total leaf area and wheat grain yield. For all examined parameters, with using of maize-soybean-wheat rotation we achieved much better results than with using of maize-wheat rotation. The highest values of leaf area (57,99 cm2/cm2 for flag leaf and 253,66 cm2/cm2 total leaf area) and grain yield (4,28 t/ha) we achieved in maize- soybean-wheat rotation with application of higher doses of fertilizers. The lowest values of leaf area (25,31cm2/cm2 for flag leaf and 123,12 cm2/cm2 total leaf area) and grain yield (1,99 t/ha) we achieved in maize-wheat rotation without application of mineral fertilizers. Ogled u kome su ispitivani efekti primene plodoreda i mineralnih đubriva na lisnu površinu i prinos zrna pšenice zasnovan je 1986. godine na oglednom polju Instituta za kukuruz u Zemun Polju. Ispitivanja su obavljena u dvopoljnom plodoredu kukuruz-pšenica i tropoljnom plodoredu kukuruz-soja-pšenica. Korištena su mineralna đubriva N:P:K 15:15:15 (pred setvu pšenice) i UREA (za prihranu). Oba đubriva su primenjena u četiri različite količine. Ispitivana je lisna površina lista zastavičara, ukupna lisna površina i prinos zrna pšenice. U radu su prikazani rezultati iz 2013.godine. Na osnovu rezultata ispitivanja utvrđeno je da su lisna površina lista zastavičara, ukupna lisna površina i prinos zrna pšenice u visokom stepenu zavisni od primenjenog plodoreda i količine đubriva. Za sve ispitivane parameter, u tropoljnom plodoredu kukuruz-soja-pšenica dobijene su mnogo veće vrednosti nego u dvopoljnom plodoredu kukuruz kukuruz-pšenica. Najveće vrednosti lisne površine (57,99 cm2/cm2 za list zastavičar i 253,66 cm2/cm2 za ukupnu lisnu površinu), kao i prinos zrna (4,28 t/ha) dobijene su u tropoljnom plodoredu, uz primenu većih doza đubriva. Najmanje vrednosti lisne površine (25,31 cm2/cm2 za list zastavičar i 123,12 cm2/cm2 za ukupnu lisnu površinu) i prinos zrna (1,99 t/ha) dobijene su u dvopoljnom plodoredu bez primene đubriva.

Spelt wheat is characterized by a series of good productive characteristics, primarily well adapted to the agro-ecological conditions and land hilly and mountainous areas, tolerant to drought, pathogens and insect attack (Flaksberger, 1930). The grain is tightly wrapped tailings and protected from air pollution, so it can be grown in areas that are less suitable for the type naked wheat species. Compared to common spelt wheat because of their biological properties, as well as nutritional and medicinal properties becomes more interesting for breeding. Consumption of grains of wheat in the diet of people is constantly increasing (Zielinski et al., 2008). The nutritive value of flour, according to Nikolić (1998) and Ruibal-Mendueta et al. (2002), reflected in higher total protein content (19%) with a higher content of essential amino acids. The flour has a vitamin B-complex, mucopolysaccharides, which stimulate the immune system of the body, then the oil, cellulose and mineral salts. Thanks to the high nutritional value of spelt flour improver is used as the quality and taste of wheat bread and other bread-baking products (Galova and Knodlochova, 2000). As pointed Bodroza-Solarov et al., (2009) flour, milled spelt grain provides all the necessary nutrients in ideal natural balance. Bread, made with spelt flour added, is more digestible than the value of the common wheat flour. Value meal provides high gluten content, so it can be used to prepare cakes and various pasta without adding eggs. If it is used for grinding whole grains, we obtain the so-called whole wheat flour (Ruegger et al., 1990). Spelt can be grown without the use of prohibited chemicals and is highly respected in organic farming (Kohajdovâ and Karovičova, 2008). Grain, obtained in this way is used for the organic foods. These products are a growing number of consumers who eat and live in harmony with nature. The results showed that, although there are significant differences in the yields of grain, spelt wheat can be grown on poor degraded soils that are in the process of recultivation. Krupnik je pšenica koja se odlikuje nizom dobrih produktivnih osobina, u prvom redu odlično je adaptirana na agroekološke i zemljišne uslove brdsko-planinskih područja, tolerantnija je na sušu, patogene i napad insekata (Flaksberger, 1930). Zrno je čvrsto obavijeno plevama i plevicama i zaštićeno je od aerozagađenja, tako da se može gajiti i u područjima koja su manje podesna za golozrne vrste pšenica. U poređenju sa običnom pšenicom krupnik zbog svojih bioloških osobina, kao i prehrambenih i medicinskih osobina postaje sve više interesantan za gajenje. Potrošnja proizvoda od zrna ovog žita u ishrani ljudi konstantno se povećava (Zielinski et al. 2008). Hranljiva vrednost brašna, kako navode Nikolić (1998) i Ruibal-Mendueta et al. (2002), ogleda se u visokom sadržaju ukupnih proteina (19%) sa većim sadržajem esencijalnih aminokiselina. U brašnu ima vitamina B-kompleksa, mukopolisaharida, koji stimulišu imunološki sistem organizma, zatim ulja, celuloza i mineralnih soli. Zahvaljujući visokoj hranljivoj vrednosti brašno krupnika koristi se kao poboljšivač kvaliteta i ukusa pšeničnog hleba i drugih hlebno-pekarskih proizvoda (Galova and Knodlochova, 2000). Kako ističu Bodroza-Solarov et al. (2009) brašno, dobijeno mlevenjem zrna krupnika obezbeđuje sve potrebne hranljive materije, u prirodno idealnom balansu. Hlebovi, spravljeni sa dodatkom brašna krupnika, imaju veću svarljivu vrednost nego od brašna obične pšenice. Vrednost brašnu daje visok sadržaj glutena, pa se ono može koristiti za pripremu peciva i različitih testenina bez dodavanja jaja. Ukoliko se za mlevenje koristi celo zrno, dobije se takozvano integralno brašno (Ruegger et al., 1990). Krupnik se može gajiti bez upotrebe nedozvoljenih hemijskih preparata i veoma je cenjen u organskoj poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji (Kohajdovâ i Karovičova, 2008). Zrno, dobijeno na ovakav način koristi se za spravljanje zdravstveno bezbedne, takozvane organske hrane. Ovi proizvodi nalaze sve veći broj potrošača koji se hrane i žive u skladu sa prirodom. Dobijeni rezultati pokazali su da, iako postoje značajne razlike u visini prinosa zrna, pšenica krupnik može se gajiti i na siromašnim zemljištima koja su u procesu rekultivacije.

Pšenica je bila u prošlosti, jeste u sadašnjosti a sigurno će biti i u budućnosti bazna komponenta svakodnevne ishrane ljudi i životinja. Sada i kod nas, kao i u svetu, sve više se javlja tražnja za sortama koje pored visokog prinosa zrna, imaju i dobar kvalitet brašna. Sorte domaće selekcije Talas i Pobeda, stabilnog prinosa i dobrog kvaliteta, i u ogledima su potvrdile svoje osobine. Ove sorte imaju i visok sadržaj kvalitetnih proteina, a analogno ovome je i visok sadržaj glutena ali i kvalitet, što su potvrdila reološka merenja. Visoki prinosi ispitivanih sorata pšenice jesu rezultat interakcije genetičkog potencijala i primene dobre agrotehnike u uslovima kada raspored padavina u toku vegetacione sezone, od momenta setve do momenta žetve, nije pogodovao proizvodnji pšenice. Nakon obavljenih ispitivanja i ove godine sorte Talas i Pobeda svrstane su u A2 kvalitetnu grupu, odnosno to su sorte dobrog kvaliteta brašna i hleba i kao takve spadaju i u grupu poboljšivača. Sorte Merkur, Ratarica i Esperia svrstane su u B1 kvalitetnu grupu, tj. one su dobre hlebne sorte. Sorta NS 40 S i Balaton svrstane su u B2 kvalitetnu grupu. Sorta sa najlošijim kvalitetom i prinosom i ove godine je sorta Apač i svrstana je u C1 kvalitetnu grupu, što znači da mlinari i pekari moraju brašno ove sorte mešati sa brašnom sorata poboljšivača, da bi se dobio hleb zadovoljavajućeg kvaliteta. Wheat was in the past, is at present and will surely be in the future, basic and vital element of the daily diet of humans and animals. The world market, and more and we do have expressed the desire and request of sorts, which in addition to high and stable yields with good quality parameters and flour. Cultivars with the most stable yield and good quality grain were varieties Talas and Pobeda. These varieties are high in quality protein and by analogy, this is a high gluten content and quality, as confirmed by rheological measurements. High yields of tested wheat varieties are the result of the interaction of genetic potential of the tested wheat varieties and application of good management systems in circumstances where the distribution of rainfall during the growing seasons, from the time of sowing and harvest was not favorable to the production of wheat. After testing cultivars, Talas and Pobeda are classified in A2 quality group, group of cultivars for quality flour and bread, and as such also belong to the group of improvers. Varieties Merkur, Ratarica and Esperia are classified as B1 group, group of cultivars good for bread. Cultivars NS 40 S and Balaton are classified as B2 quality group. The cultivar with the lowest quality is sorta Apach and classified in the C1 group of quality, which means that millers and bakers must mix flour with a variety of cultivars of flour improver, to obtain good quality bread.

Wheat was in the past, is at present and will surely be in the future, basic and vital element of the daily diet of humans and animals. The world market, and more and we do have expressed the desire and request of sorts, which in addition to high and stable yields with good quality parameters and flour. Cultivars with the most stable yield and good quality grain were varieties Talas and Pobeda. These varieties are high in quality protein and by analogy, this is a high gluten content and quality, as confirmed by rheological measurements. High yields of tested wheat varieties are the result of the interaction of genetic potential of the tested wheat varieties and application of good management systems in circumstances where the distribution of rainfall during the growing seasons, from the time of sowing and harvest was not favorable to the production of wheat. After testing cultivars, Talas and Pobeda are classified in A2 quality group, group of cultivars for quality flour and bread, and as such also belong to the group of improvers. Varieties Merkur, Ratarica and Esperia are classified as B1 group, group of cultivars good for bread. Cultivars NS 40 S and Balaton are classified as B2 quality group. The cultivar with the lowest quality is sorta Apach and classified in the C1 group of quality, which means that millers and bakers must mix flour with a variety of cultivars of flour improver, to obtain good quality bread. Pšenica je bila u prošlosti, jeste u sadašnjosti a sigurno će biti i u budućnosti bazna komponenta svakodnevne ishrane ljudi i životinja. Sada i kod nas, kao i u svetu, sve više se javlja tražnja za sortama koje pored visokog prinosa zrna, imaju i dobar kvalitet brašna. Sorte domaće selekcije Talas i Pobeda, stabilnog prinosa i dobrog kvaliteta, i u ogledima su potvrdile svoje osobine. Ove sorte imaju i visok sadržaj kvalitetnih proteina, a analogno ovome je i visok sadržaj glutena ali i kvalitet, što su potvrdila reološka merenja. Visoki prinosi ispitivanih sorata pšenice jesu rezultat interakcije genetičkog potencijala i primene dobre agrotehnike u uslovima kada raspored padavina u toku vegetacione sezone, od momenta setve do momenta žetve, nije pogodovao proizvodnji pšenice. Nakon obavljenih ispitivanja i ove godine sorte Talas i Pobeda svrstane su u A2 kvalitetnu grupu, odnosno to su sorte dobrog kvaliteta brašna i hleba i kao takve spadaju i u grupu poboljšivača. Sorte Merkur, Ratarica i Esperia svrstane su u B1 kvalitetnu grupu, tj. one su dobre hlebne sorte. Sorta NS 40 S i Balaton svrstane su u B2 kvalitetnu grupu. Sorta sa najlošijim kvalitetom i prinosom i ove godine je sorta Apač i svrstana je u C1 kvalitetnu grupu, što znači da mlinari i pekari moraju brašno ove sorte mešati sa brašnom sorata poboljšivača, da bi se dobio hleb zadovoljavajućeg kvaliteta.

This paper presents the results of winter wheat varieties (Vizija and Kruna). The cultivars were grown in the experimental field of the Center for Small Grains, Kragujevac, during two growing seasons. By examining the physical properties of grain, variety Kruna achieved the highest grain yield (5.150 t/ha), while a slightly higher 1000 grain weight (41.78 g) and test weight (75.35 kg/hl) was variety Vizija, during the two-year study period. Data analysis showed significant dependence between the of 1000 grain weight and years of research. The difference found between the significance of the impact of variety on grain quality of wheat cultivar, was highly significant for test weight. The differences in significance from the point of interaction year x cultivar on the average value of grain yield were statistically highly significant, while for test weight and 1000-grain weight were not significant. Cultivars Vizija and the Kruna have conducted surveys have shown a high degree of adaptability conditions of production of wheat and had a satisfactory yield in the examined vegetation seasons. U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja ozimih sorti pšenice (Vizija i Kruna). Sorte su gajene na oglednom polju Centra za strna zita, Kragujevac, tokom dve vegetacione sezone. Ispitivanjem fizičkih osobina zrna, sorta Kruna je ostvarila najveći prinos zrna (5,150 t/ha), dok je nešto veću masu 1000 zrna (41,777 g) i hektolitarsku masu (75,350 kg/hl) imala sorta Vizija, tokom dvogodišnjeg perioda ispitivanja. Analizom dobijenih podataka utvrđena je značajna zavisnost između mase 1000 zrna i godina istrazivanja. Utvrđena razlika značajnosti između uticaja sorte na kvalitet zrna kod ispitivanih sorti pšenice, bila je vrlo visoko značajna za hektolitarsku masu. Ustanovljene razlike značajnosti sa stanovišta interakcije godina x sorta na prosečne vrednosti prinosa zrna, bile su statistički vrlo značajne, dok za hektolitarsku masu i masu 1000 zrna nisu bile signifikantne. Sorte Vizija i Kruna su u sprovedenim ispitivanjima pokazale visok stepen adaptabilnosti uslovima proizvodnje pšenice i imale su zadovoljavajući prinos u ispitivanim vegetacionim sezonama.

Application of positive and negative selection at the phenotype level in the reproduction of wheat varieties, enabled varietal purity of 99 and 100 % of the crops of seed categories. Protein electrophoresis showed that there is a divergence between the tested wheat varieties in composition components gliadin fraction, respectively gels varieties differ in the characteristics of the tape, while inside there are varieties of uniformity. Institute PKB Agroekonomik has been successful in maintaining the genetic identity of wheat variety in way it conducts selection and seed production. In that way, Institute PKB Agroekonomik is able to product seeds of excellent quality and high genetic purity. Primenom pozitivne i negativne selekcije, na nivou fenotipa pri sortnoj reprodukciji pšenice, u ogledima omogućila sortnu čistoću od 99 i 100 % u usevima svih semenskih kategorija. Elektroforeza proteina je pokazala da postoji divergentnost između ispitivanih sorti pšenice po sastavu komponenti glijadinske frakcije, odnodno da se gelovi sorti međusobno razlikuju po karakteristikama traka, dok unutar sorti postoji ujednačenost. Način na koji se sprovodi selekcija i semenarstvo u Institutu PKB Agroekonomik je uspešan za održavanje genetičkog identiteta sorti pšenice, odnosno Institut PKB Agroekonomik je ovladao metodama proizvodnje semenskih useva koji omogućavaju dobijanje semena odličnog kvaliteta, visoke genetske čistoće.

Wheat was in the past, is at present and will surely be in the future, basic and vital element of the daily diet of humans and animals. The world market, and more and we do have expressed the desire and request of sorts, which in addition to high and stable yields with good quality parameters and flour. Cultivar with the most stable yield and good quality grain varieties Talas and Pobeda. These varieties are high in quality protein and by analogy, this is a high gluten content and quality, as confirmed by rheological measurements. High yields of tested wheat varieties are the result of the interaction of genetic potential of the tested wheat varieties and application of good management systems in circumstances where the distribution of rainfall during the growing seasons, from the time of sowing and harvest was favorable to the production of wheat. After a Talas of testing cultivars and classified Pobeda in A2 quality group, and to the cultivar of good quality flour and bread, and as such belong to the group of improvers. Varieties Merkur, the Carica and Ratarica are classified as B1 that is a quality group. they are good cultivars of bread. cultivars NS 40S and Balaton are classified as B2 quality group. The cultivars with the lowest quality is sort Apach and classified in the C1 group of quality, which means that millers and bakers have flour mixed with a variety of cultivars of flour improver, to obtain good quality bread. Pšenica, je bila u prošlosti, jeste u sadašnjosti a sigurno će biti i u budućnosti bazni i vitalni element svakodnevne ishrane ljudi i životinja. Na svetskom tržištu, a sve više i kod nas postoji izražena težnja i traženost sorti, koje pored visokog i stabilnog prinosa imaju i dobre parametre kvaliteta brašna. Sorte sa najstabilnijim prinosom i dobrim kvalitetom zrna su sorte Talas i Pobeda. Ove sorte imaju visok sadržaj kvalitetnih proteina a analogno ovome je i visok sadržaj glutena ali i kvalitet, što su potvrdila reološka merenja. Visoki prinosi ispitivanih sorata pšenice jesu rezultat interakcije genetičkog potencijala ispitivanih sorata pšenice i primena dobre agrotehnike u uslovima kada je raspored padavina u toku vegetacione sezone, od momenta setve, pa do žetve pogodovao proizvodnji pšenice. Nakon ispitivanja sorte Talas i Pobeda svrstane u A2 kvalitetnu grupu, odnosno to su sorte dobrog kvaliteta brašna i hleba i kao takve spadaju u grupu poboljšivača. Sorte Merkur, Carica i Ratarica svrstane su u B1 kvalitetnu grupu tj. one su dobre hlebne sorte. Sorte NS 40S i Balaton svrstane su u B2 kvalitetnu grupu. Sorta sa najlošijim kvalitetom je sorta Apač i svrstana je u C1 kvalitetnu grupu što znači da mlinari i pekari moraju brašno ove sorte mešati sa brašnom sorata poboljšivača, da bi se dobio kvalitetan hleb.

The yield of wheat is influenced by a number of factors. Climatic effects during the growing season can be mitigated by proper selection of cultivars and agricultural practice. Five high-yielding and widely spread NS wheat cultivars (Zvezdana, NS 40S, Simonida, Rapsodija i Pobeda) were analyzed in the two- year period (2012-2013) at four locations (Rimski Šančevi, Kikinda, Sombor i Ruma). The highest average grain yield had cv. Zvezdana (7.81 t/ha), while the cultivar NS 40S exhibited the greatest variations among years and locations. Location Rimski Šančevi had the highest average yield (8.81 t/ha). Growing season 2012 was characterized by a significantly lower grain yield (6.82 t/ha) as compared to the year 2013 (8:15 t/ha), in which less variation in yield between varieties was observed. Ability to adapt to the specific soil and microclimate conditions in some locations, has the greatest influence on realization of the productive potential of cultivated varieties. Prinos pšenice uslovljen je velikim brojem faktora. Nepovoljni klimatski efekti tokom vegetacione sezone, mogu se ublažiti pravilnim izborom sorte i sortne agrotehnike. Pet visokoprinosnih i široko raspostranjenih NS sorti pšenice (Zvezdana, NS 40S, Simonida, Rapsodija i Pobeda) analizirano je u dvogodišnjem periodu (2012-2013) na četiri lokaliteta (Rimski Šančevi, Kikinda, Sombor i Ruma). Najveći prosečni prinos zrna ostvarila je sorta Zvezdana (7.81 t/ha), dok je sorta NS 40S ispoljila najveće variranje između godina i lokaliteta. Lokalitet Rimski Šančevi istakao se sa najvišim prosekom (8.81 t/ha). Proizvodna 2012. godina odlikovala se znatno nižim prinosom zrna (6.82 t/ha) u odnosu na 2013. godinu (8.15 t/ha), u kojoj je uočeno i manje variranje prinosa između sorti. Sposobnost prilagođavanja specifičnim zemljišnim i mikroklimatskim uslovima na pojedinim lokalitetima, u najvećoj meri utiče na realizaciju proizvodnog potencijala gajenih sorti.

Agro meteorological conditions are of great importance for the successful production of wheat. This paper analyzes the NS five varieties of winter wheat in the period 2010-2012. The experiment was conducted with different planting densities at the site Rimski Šančevi. Unlike the temperature, the amount and distribution of precipitation had a greater impact on the realization of the yield. Higher average grain yield was achieved at a higher sowing density, where, among analyzed varieties no big difference was observed between the yield at a lower or higher sowing norms. To make the right conclusions it is necessary to include a greater number of sites and different growing seasons. Agrometeorološki uslovi od velikog su značaja za uspešnu proizvodnju pšenice. U radu je analizirano pet NS sorti ozime pšenice u periodu 2010-2012. Ogled je postavljen sa različitim gustinama setve na lokalitetu Rimski Šančevi. Za razliku od temperature, količina i raspored padavina imali su veći uticaj na realizaciju prinosa. Veći prosečni prinos zrna ostvaren je pri većoj gustini setve, pri čemu, između analiziranih sorti nije uočena velika razlika u prinosu pri manjoj, odnosno većoj setvenoj normi. Za donošenje pravilnih zaključaka neophodno je obuhvatiti veći broj lokaliteta i različitih vegetacionih sezona.

To further improve the current wheat production, it is necessary to use the latest scientific achievements, among which modern, high-yielding cultivars take a notable place. In this paper we analyze eight NS winter wheat cultivars grown in the period 2005-2011. The discussed results come from twelve test locations of a large-plot trials network, organized in the Vojvodina Province. The cultivars Zvezdana and Etida had significantly higher genetic yield potentials than the standard cultivar Pobeda. The cultivar Simonida, which is commercially grown on a considerable acreage, and the cultivar Angelina exhibited not only high productivity but also significant yield stability. The analyzed locations in the central part of the Vojvodina Province (region II) proved to be particularly advantageous for achieving high grain yields. Growing several different cultivars in a region can significantly affect wheat performance and stability. Because of an uneven distribution of rainfall, or its shortage, and temperature variations in the critical periods of wheat development, it is recommended to grow cultivars with different genetic backgrounds, so that differences in their most important agronomic traits may offset the negative impact of unfavorable climatic factors. . Za unapređenje proizvodnje pšenice neophodna je primena savremenih naučnih dostignuća, među kojima je upotreba savremenih, visokoprinosnih sorti od izuzetnog značaja. U radu je analizirano osam NS sorti ozime pšenice u periodu 2005-2011.g. Rezultati potiču sa 12 lokaliteta iz mreže makroogleda u Vojvodini. Značajno višim genetskim potencijalom za prinos u odnosu na standardnu sortu Pobeda, odlikovale su sorte Zvezdana i Etida. Široko rasprostranjena sorta Simonida, kao i sorta Angelina, ispoljile su pored visine i značajnu stabilnost prinosa. Analizirani lokaliteti u centralnom delu Vojvodine (Rejon II), pokazali su se izuzetno povoljnim za ostvarivanje visokih prinosa zrna. Gajenje većeg broja različitih sorti u pojedinim rejonima, u značajnoj meri može uticati na uspešnost i stabilnost proizvodnje pšenice. Nedostatak ili neravnomeran raspored padavina, kao i temperaturne oscilacije u kritičnim periodima razvoja pšenice, nameću potrebu gajenja sorti različitog genetskog porekla, kako bi razlike u najvažnijim agronomskim svojstvima, kompenzovale negativni uticaj klimatskih faktora. .

The aim of this study was to compare the average values of quantitative traits of wheat varieties in individual plants and in plants within crop (550 plants / m2). Field experiments were set up in Banja Luka during the season 2007/08, with eight wheat varieties: Oganj, Kristina, Nonijus, Stojanka, Mihelka, NS 565, Tina, and Grand. The follow traits were analyzed: plants height, spike length, spike mass, grain mass/spike, grain number/spike and grain yield. The highest grain yield had variety NS 565 (6.920 kg/ha), while the lowest grain yield had variety Tina (5.411 kg/ha). It was surprising that the lowest values for traits grain mass/spike and grain number/spike were found in individual plants of variety NS 565, which formed the highest grain yield. From the other side, high value for number of grains per spike was observed in individual plants of variety Tina, which formed the lowest grain yield. For wheat breeders, these results indicate that individual plants with the low values of grain mass/spike and grain number/spike could give high grain yield in later generations, and oppositely, i.e. key factor for high yield is the number of spikes per hectar. Cilj ovih istraživanja bio je da se uporede prosečne vrednosti kvantitativnih osobina sorti pšenice kod individualnih biljaka i kod biljaka u usevu (550 biljaka/m2). Postavljeni su poljski ogledi u Banja Luci tokom 2007/08 godine sa osam sorti pšenice: Oganj, Kristina, Nonijus, Stojanka, Mihelka, NS 565, Tina i Grand. Analizirane su sledeće osobine: visina biljaka, dužina klasa, masa klasa, masa zrna po klasu, broj zrna po klasu i prinos zrna. Najveći prinos zrna u usevu imala je sorta NS 565 (6.920 kg/ha), a najmanji Tina (5.411 kg/ha). Iznenađujuće je da su najmanje vrednosti za osobine masa zrna po klasu i broj zrna po klasu imale individualne biljke sorte NS 565, koja je imala najveći prinos zrna. S druge strane, sorta Tina je imala visoke vrednosti za broj zrna po klasu kod individualnih biljaka, iako je obrazovala najmanji prinos zrna. Ovi rezultati ukazuju selekcionarima pšenice da individualne biljke sa malom masom zrna po klasu i malim brojem zrna po klasu mogu imati visok prinos zrna u usevu i obrnuto, odnosno da je ključni parametar za visok prinos broj klasova po hektaru.

The basic prerequisite for the achievement of high and stable wheat yield (as well as for PKB wheat cultivars) is the use of varietal and high-quality seed for sowing, along with the application of appropriate, i.e. optimal growing technique. The fact is that, even today, the great use of unquality and undeclarated seed is presented in wheat production; this could be stopped only by providing the sufficient amount of high-quality and inexpensive seed. The quality indicators of wheat seed (the purity, the fraction of small seeds, Kernel weight-the weight of 1000 seed, the moisture, the seed germination and the health condition) are presented on eight PKB winter wheat cultivars. The results indicate that the tested seed of PKB cultivars, realized under the management of PKB Enterprise, have satisfied all the standards issued by the Seed Law and the Book of Regulation. The average for all the years was as follows: purity-98,7 %; moisture-12,7%; Kernel weight-42,9 g; germination-91,4 %; the number of weed seed in 1000 g of wheat seed-2,8; the fraction percentage-1,9 % and Fusarium spp.-2,0 %. Osnovni preduslov za postizanje visokih i stabilnih prinosa pšenice (pa tako i PKB sorti pšenice) je upotreba sortnog i kvalitetnog semena za setvu, uz primenu odgovarajuće tj. optimalne tehnologije gajenja. Činjenica je da i danas velika upotreba nekvalitetnog i nedeklarisanog semena u proizvodnji pšenice, a to se može zaustaviti jedino obezbeđenjem dovoljnih količina kvalitetnog i jeftinog semena. Pokazatelji kvaliteta semena pšenice (čistoća, frakcija sitnog semena, masa 1000 zrna, vlaga, klijavost i zdravstveno stanje) prikazano je na osam PKB sorata ozime pšenice. Rezultati pokazuju da je po svim parametrima ispitivano seme PKB sorti u organizaciji Poljoprivredne korporacije Beograd zadovoljavalo norme propisane Zakonom o semenu i Prailnikom. U proseku za sve godine čistoća je bila 98,7 %, vlaga 12,7 %, masa 1000 zrna 42,90 g, klijavost 91,40 %, broj zrna korova u 1000 g semena 2,8, procenat frakcije 1,9 % i Fusarium spp. 2,0 %.