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Objective: This study was performed to detect the recurrence rate for two years after eradication therapy of peptic ulcer. Methods: Sixty-nine patients included in this study in Kirkuk city from January 2004 to January 2005 as 1st year follow up, and 49 patients from January 2005 to January 2006 as second year follow up study. A urea breath test and re-endoscopic examination were carried out to confirm peptic ulcer recurrence. A questionnaire was prepared to take the history of the disease and other relevant data of each patient. Results: The recurrence was occurred in 6 (8.7%) and 8 patients (16.33%) in the 1st and 2nd years after eradication therapy. Highly risk of recurrence was smoking, age below 50 y and stress in 1st year follow up, and stress was the highly risk in the 2nd year follow up. Conclusion: After triple and quadruple therapy of peptic ulcer, the recurrence is low, However, the possibility of H. pylori resistance should be considered.

Lepidium sativum contained many bioactive constituents included cardiac glycoside, alkaloids, phenolic, flavonoids, cardiotonic glycosides, coumarins, glucosinolates, carbohydrates, proteins and amino-acids, mucilage, resins, saponins, sterols, tannins, volatile oils, triterpene, sinapic acid and uric acid. The pharmacological investigation revealed that Lepidium sativum possessed antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, reproductive, gastrointestinal, respiratory, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, cardiovascular, hypolipidemic, diuretic, central nervous, fracture healing and protective effects. The current review discussed the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lepidium sativum.

Objective: The review was designed to investigate the traditional uses, chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lantana camara. Methods: In the current review, databases including Web Science, Pub Med, Scopus and Science Direct, were searched to investigate the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lantana camara. Results: The plant contained alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, saponins, flavanoids, coumarins, tannins, carbohydrates, hydroxy anthraquinones, anthraquinone glycosides, proteins, phytosteroids, fixed oils, fats, and triterpinoids. Previous pharmacological studies revealed that Lantana camara possessed antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anxiolytic, gastrointestinal, hypoglycemic, cardiovascular, antioxidant, anticancer, antiinflammatory, analgesic, wound healing, antiurolithiatic, hepatoprotective, reproductive, anti–hemorrhoidal, thrombin inhibition and many other effects. Conclusion: Lantana camara represents a promising medicinal plant with a wide range of pharmacological activities that could be utilized in several medical applications because of its effectiveness and safety.

Lawsonia inermis (Family: Lythraceae) contained carbohydrates, phenolic, flavonoids, saponins, proteins, alkaloids, terpenoids, quinones, coumarins, xanthones, fat, resin and tannins. It also contained 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (lawsone). Many alkaloids, naphthoquinone derivatives, phenolics and flavonoids were isolated from different parts of Lawsonia inermis. The pharmacological studies showed that Lawsonia inermis showed antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, molluscicidal, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, central nervous, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, wound and burn healing, immunomodulatory, antiurolithiatic, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antiulcer, antidiarrhoeal, diuretic, anticancer and many other pharmacological effects. The current review will highlight the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lawsonia inermis.

Lagerstroemia speciosa (Family: Lythraceae) is native to Asia-tropical and subtropical regions. The phytochemical investigation of Lagerstroemia speciosa leaf and fruit revealed that it contained steroids, terpenoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, α-amino acids, saponins, starch, alkaloids, carbohydrates, organic acids, flavonoids, reducing sugars, tannins and many other active metabolites. Lagerstroemia speciosa possessed many Pharmacological effects included antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antiobesity, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, gastrointestinal, diuretic, thrombolytic, cardiovascular, central nervous, inhibition of TNFα production, xanthine oxidase inhibitition, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects. The current review discussed the chemical constituents, pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Lagerstroemia speciosa.