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We measure the willingness to compete of entrepreneurs and salaried workers in an experiment. Participants can choose between a piece rate and a tournament scheme in either private or public. We find that in the private condition, entrepreneurs are less competitive than salaried workers, but in the public condition, this ordering is reversed. Survey data suggest that perceived norms of appropriate behavior, along with beliefs about the instrumental value of competitiveness for professional success, can explain why entrepreneurs are more competitive when decisions are publicly observable. We also find that the latter condition improves the quality of experimental decisions. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: Financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) under Germany´s Excellence Strategy [Grant EXC 2126/1–390838866], the University of Cologne through the Hans Kelsen Prize and the Austrian Science Fund through the Special Research Area [Grant SFB F63] is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4838. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the effects of price matching in a setting in which each firm selects both its price and output, simultaneously. We show that the availability of a price-matching option leads to the Cournot outcome in this setting. Our experimental study confirms this result in the laboratory. Our finding is a stark contrast to the one obtained in the standard price competition that the most likely market price in the presence of a price-matching option is the monopolistic price. In addition, we show that price matching benefits consumers in markets with a large number of firms. If a market has a few firms, then the effects of price matching on consumers depend on the market demand and cost functions. Thus, our study suggests that the effect of price matching depends on the strategic variables of the firms. Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2788. This paper was accepted by Eric Anderson, marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]